Albinism is a genetic condition characterised by the absence or reduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for colouring skin, hair, and eyes. Individuals with albinism typically exhibit very light skin, hair, and eye colours that are significantly lighter than those of their peers. The condition can also lead to various vision problems due to the lack of pigmentation in the eyes.

There are several types of albinism, but the most common form is Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA), which affects both skin and eyes. Individuals with OCA are at a higher risk for skin cancer due to their lack of melanin protection against ultraviolet (UV) rays. This makes sun protection essential for their health. Common signs of albinism include pale skin and hair, light-coloured eyes that may appear pink or light blue, and vision problems such as sensitivity to light (photophobia), nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), and strabismus (crossed eyes).

International Albinism Awareness Day (IAAD) is observed annually on June 13, a date that holds significant historical importance as it marks the adoption of the first United Nations resolution addressing the rights of individuals with albinism. The journey toward establishing IAAD began in 2013 when the United Nations Human Rights Council adopted a resolution focusing on the human rights of people with albinism. This resolution was a response to alarming reports of violence and discrimination against individuals with albinism, particularly in parts of Africa where misconceptions about their condition led to horrific acts, including murder and mutilation for superstitious beliefs.

On December 18, 2014, the UN General Assembly officially proclaimed June 13 as International Albinism Awareness Day, with the first celebration taking place in 2015. The day serves as a platform to raise awareness about the challenges faced by people with albinism and to promote their rights globally.

IAAD plays a crucial role in advocating for the rights and dignity of individuals with albinism. It aims to combat stigma and discrimination while promoting understanding and acceptance within society. The observance encourages dialogue about the challenges faced by people with albinism. Individuals with albinism have an increased risk of skin cancer due to UV exposure. Access to healthcare resources like sunscreen and regular check-ups is often limited in many regions. Misunderstandings about albinism can lead to social exclusion and discrimination. Many individuals face bullying or ostracization due to their appearance. In some countries, particularly in Africa, people with albinism are targeted for violent acts based on superstitions regarding their bodies. By raising awareness on this day, advocates aim to foster a more inclusive society that recognises and respects the rights of all individuals, regardless of their physical differences.

The theme for International Albinism Awareness Day in 2025 is “Still Standing Strong.” This theme emphasises resilience among individuals with albinism and calls for continued advocacy against discrimination and violence. It reminds us that despite facing numerous challenges, people with albinism continue to stand strong in their fight for equality and recognition.

The International Albinism Awareness Day serves as an essential reminder of the ongoing struggles faced by individuals with albinism worldwide. By understanding the origins of this observance, recognising what albinism entails, and acknowledging its significance in promoting human rights, we can contribute to creating a more inclusive world where diversity is celebrated rather than marginalised. Through continued education, advocacy, and solidarity on this important day, we can help ensure that individuals with albinism are treated with dignity and respect, paving the way for a brighter future free from discrimination.