Sacred Stones, Spaces and Stories: Shakthipeeta Part 21

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Last week, we completed all the Shakti Peethas located within India’s borders. From this part, let’s look at Shakti Peethas that are in what used to be part of India, pre-independence as well as one which though was probably never a part of India, but is in an area that is revered in Hinduism and symbolism.

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Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple, Shyamnagar Upazila, Bangladesh

The Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple, located in Ishwaripur village, Shyamnagar Upazila, Satkhira district in Bangladesh is dedicated to Goddess Kali. Known as the Goddess of Jessore, the Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple blends mythology, devotion, and architectural heritage.

The Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple has a rich history that dates back centuries. It is believed that the temple was originally established by a Brahmin named Anari, who constructed a grand structure with 100 doors to honor Maa Jeshoreshwari. The exact timeline of its construction remains uncertain, but it is widely regarded as one of the oldest temples in Bangladesh. The temple gained prominence during the reign of Maharaja Pratapaditya, a 16th-century ruler of Jessore. According to legend, one of his generals discovered a luminant ray of light emanating from the bushes in Ishwaripur. Upon investigation, they found a stone carved in the shape of a human palm. Recognizing its divine significance, Maharaja Pratapaditya built the Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple at this site and began worshipping Goddess Kali. Later renovations were carried out by rulers such as Lakshman Sen and other local patrons. However, much of the original structure was damaged over time due to invasions and natural decay. Despite this, the temple continues to attract devotees who revere it as a sacred Shakti Peetha.

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According to legend, the palm of Sati’s hand fell at this site, sanctifying it as a centre of divine feminine energy. Goddess Sati is worshipped here as Jeshoreshwari, symbolising divine protection and strength. Lord Shiva is revered as Chanda Bhairava, representing his role as a guardian and protector. 

The sanctum sanctorum houses a black stone idol of Maa Jeshoreshwari adorned with vermilion, gold ornaments, and garlands. The idol exudes an aura of power and compassion. The palm-shaped stone discovered by Maharaja Pratapaditya is preserved within the temple premises and is considered highly sacred by devotees. A large rectangular platform known as Natmandir was built adjacent to the main temple. This structure allowed devotees to view Maa Jeshoreshwari’s face during rituals. Although much of it crumbled after 1971, remnants such as pillars remain visible today. The temple showcases traditional Bengali architecture with intricate carvings on its walls and domed roofs. Despite its simplicity, the temple’s design emphasises spiritual connection over material grandeur. The name Jeshoreshwari translates to Goddess of Jessore. Historically, Ishwaripur was part of Jessore before administrative boundaries changed. 

Daily pujas are performed by priests who offer flowers, fruits, coconuts, sweets, incense sticks, and rice to Maa Jeshoreshwari. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Kali Puja is celebrated with great fervor at Jeshoreshwari Temple. Elaborate rituals are conducted overnight to honor Maa Kali’s fierce aspect. Devotees offer red sarees and garlands made from hibiscus flowers during this festival. An annual fair, a mela is held in the temple compound during Kali Puja or Navratri celebrations. This event includes cultural performances, stalls selling religious items, and community feasts. Navratri is celebrated twice a year and devotees observe fasts during these nine days to seek blessings for prosperity and protection. On new moon nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests to invoke Maa Jeshoreshwari’s protective energy.

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One of the most popular legends associated with Jeshoreshwari Temple involves Maharaja Pratapaditya’s general discovering a luminant ray of light emanating from bushes in Ishwaripur village. Upon investigating further, they found a stone carved in the shape of a human palm. Recognizing its divine significance, Maharaja Pratapaditya built the temple at this site and began worshipping Goddess Kali. Devotees believe that touching or praying before the palm-shaped stone brings blessings and fulfills wishes. Many pilgrims visit specifically to seek Maa Jeshoreshwari’s intervention in resolving personal or familial issues. It is said that Maa Jeshoreshwari possesses miraculous healing powers. Many devotees claim to have been cured of ailments after offering prayers or participating in rituals at this sacred shrine.

The Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion. 

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Chattal Bhawani Shaktipeeth/Chandranath Temple, Chittagong, Bangladesh

The Chattal Bhawani Shaktipeeth, also known as the Chandranath Temple, is a revered Hindu shrine located atop Chandranath Hill in Sitakunda, Chittagong. According to legend, the right arm of Goddess Sati fell at this sacred site. The temple is dedicated to Maa Bhawani, a form of Goddess Sati, and Lord Shiva, is worshipped here as Chandrasekhar Bhairava. 

The exact date of the temple’s construction remains uncertain, but historical records suggest that it has existed for several centuries. According to local legends, the temple was originally established by a king who received divine instructions in a dream to build a shrine atop Chandranath Hill. Over time, the temple gained prominence as a centre for Shaktism and received patronage from various rulers and devotees. The name Chattal Bhawani derives from Chattal, an ancient name for Chittagong, and Bhawani, a form of Goddess Sati symbolising protection and strength. 

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The sanctum sanctorum houses two main idols: one of Maa Bhawani and another of Lord Shiva as Chandrasekhar. Maa Bhawani’s idol exudes an aura of power and compassion, while Lord Shiva’s idol depicts him with a crescent moon on his head. Devotees believe that these idols radiate divine energy that fulfils wishes and grants blessings. The temple is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,020 feet above sea level on Chandranath Hill. Pilgrims must climb around 3,500 steps to reach the summit, making their journey both physically challenging and spiritually rewarding. The hill offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, including lush greenery and distant rivers.

The temple complex features a medieval chariot known for its intricate wood carvings. This chariot is used during special festivals and processions. The area around Chandranath Hill is rich in natural beauty, with attractions such as waterfalls, the Sohosrodhara Jorna and scenic trails that enhance the spiritual ambience. The temple has received patronage from various rulers over centuries. Notably, King Dhanya Manikya of Tripura attempted to relocate the Shiva idol to his kingdom but failed due to divine intervention.

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Daily pujas are performed by priests. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns while the evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Shivratri is celebrated with great fervour at Chandranath Temple. Devotees observe fasting and perform night-long prayers dedicated to Lord Shiva. Special yagnas are conducted during this festival to invoke divine blessings. An annual fair known as the Sitakund Mela is held during Shivratri celebrations in February-March. This event attracts thousands of pilgrims who gather for rituals, cultural performances, and community feasts. On new moon nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests to invoke Maa Bhawani’s protective energy. The trek up Chandranath Hill is considered an act of devotion. Pilgrims often chant mantras or sing devotional songs during their ascent.

According to legend, King Dhanya Manikya of Tripura attempted to relocate the Shiva idol from Chandranath Temple to his kingdom but failed despite multiple efforts. It is believed that divine forces intervened to protect the sanctity of the temple. In the late medieval period, Gangaram Biswas from West Bengal built the first set of stairs leading up to Chandranath Hill after his elderly mother expressed her desire to visit the temple but was unable to climb due to her age. These steps were later renovated by zamindars from Bengal. Devotees believe that praying at Chandranath Temple cures ailments and grants peace of mind. Many pilgrims visit specifically seeking Maa Bhawani’s intervention in resolving personal or familial issues.

The Chattal Bhawani Shaktipeeth with its hilltop location emphasises ancient traditions while preserving spiritual heritage. Whether you seek spiritual solace or wish to explore India’s rich cultural heritage, visiting this ancient shrine will leave you feeling connected to divine feminine energy. 

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Dhakeshwari Temple, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The Dhakeshwari Temple, located in Dhaka is one of the most revered Hindu shrines in the Indian subcontinent. Known as the Dhakeshwari Jatiya Mandir or National Temple, it is not only the largest Hindu temple in Bangladesh but also one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, where parts of Goddess Sati’s body are believed to have fallen. 

It is said that a gem from Sati’s crown fell here. The temple is dedicated to Maa Dhakeshwari, a form of Goddess Durga or Adi Shakti, and Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Vishwesh Bhairava. According to legend, King Ballal Sen of the Sena dynasty who ruled in the 12th century discovered a hidden idol of Goddess Durga under a tree in Dhaka after being guided by a divine dream. The goddess revealed herself as Dhakeshwari, meaning Goddess of Dhaka, and instructed the king to establish her temple at this site. Ballal Sen built the temple to honour her and named it after her divine form. The temple is believed to have given Dhaka its name.

Another legend ties the temple’s origin to King Bijoy Sen’s wife, who prayed for a safe childbirth at Langolbond while on a pilgrimage. Her son Ballal Sen later fulfilled her vow by constructing this temple as an offering to Maa Dhakeshwari. Over centuries, the temple underwent several renovations and reconstructions due to natural decay and destruction during invasions. During the 17th century, Raja Man Singh is said to have rebuilt parts of the temple. However, much of its original structure was lost during political upheavals in modern history. 

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The original idol of Maa Dhakeshwari was relocated during Partition in 1947 to Kumortuli in Kolkata due to safety concerns. Today, two temples—one in Kolkata known as the Dhakeswari Mata Temple housing the original idol and one in Dhaka with a replica—serve as spiritual centres for devotees. The main temple follows the traditional Pancharatna or five-spired architecture with intricate carvings depicting scenes from Hindu mythology. Within the complex are four smaller Shiva temples arranged in a row, each housing a Shiva Lingam. 

A large pond within the temple premises adds serenity to the environment and is used for ritualistic purification by devotees before entering the sanctum. A spacious Natya Mandir or prayer hall stands adjacent to the main shrine for devotional performances during festivals. One popular belief suggests that drums or dhaks were played from an elevated stage at this temple to demarcate the city’s boundaries during its early settlement period. The sound of these drums gave rise to the name Dhaka.

Daily pujas are performed by priests. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the sanctum. Like all Shakti Peethas, Durga Puja is celebrated with great fervour with elaborate rituals conducted over nine days. The deity is adorned with new clothes and jewelry donated by devotees during this festival. Navratri is celebrated twice a year with devotees observing fasts during these nine days as an act of devotion. Devotees participate in mass bathing rituals at Langolbond on Sukla Ashtami, the eighth day of the Chaitra month before visiting Dhakeshwari Temple for blessings. On new moon nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests. 

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According to legend, King Ballal Sen dreamt of Maa Durga instructing him to find her idol buried beneath a tree near present-day Old Dhaka. Upon excavation, he discovered her statue under what became known as the Dhakka tree and established her shrine there. It is believed that pilgrims who meditate at this Shakti Peetha receive blessings equivalent to wearing divine gemstones that protect them from misfortune. 

During Partition in 1947, priests relocated Maa Dhakeshwari’s original idol to Kumortuli in Kolkata due to concerns over communal violence targeting Hindu temples in East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. 

The Dhakeshwari Temple offers visitors a unique spiritual experience. The Pancharatna architecture which emphasises ancient traditions amid bustling Old Dhaka provides a unique experience. 

In My Hands Today…

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Word Perfect: Etymological Entertainment For Every Day of the Year – Susie Dent

From ‘Turning a Blind Eye’ (Nelson putting the telescope to his missing eye to ignore the order to stop fighting) to why May Day became a distress call; from stealing someone’s thunder to the real Jack the Lad, from tartle (forgetting someone’s name) to snaccident (unintentionally eating a whole packet of biscuits), Word Perfect is her brilliant linguistic almanac full of unforgettable true stories tied to every day of the year. You’ll never be lost for words again.

Recipes: Qubani ka Meetha

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A traditional dessert from Hyderabad, Qubani ka Meetha is made from dried apricots and is often served during special occasions and festivals. Dried apricots are high in essential vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium, and iron and also contain antioxidants such as beta-carotene and polyphenols that help combat oxidative stress in the body, reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Qubani Ka Meetha has a rich cultural heritage, particularly in Hyderabad, where it is often served at weddings, festivals, and special occasions like Eid. The dessert reflects the culinary traditions of the Mughal era, showcasing how dried fruits were used to create luxurious sweets that were both flavorful and visually appealing. I made this for the first time last year during Navaratri, and it was such a hit with GG & BB that they have made me make it a few more times since then.

Qubani ka Meetha

Ingredients:

  • 250 gms dried apricots
  • 2 cups (or more) water for soaking
  • ⅔ cup sugar (adjust to taste)
  • 1 tbsp lemon juice
  • Chopped almonds and pistachios for garnish (optional)

Method:

  • Rinse the dried apricots under running water to remove any impurities. Soak them in enough water to cover them overnight until they become soft and plump.
  • Drain the soaked apricots and reserve the soaking water. 
  • Either finely chop the apricots or run them through a chopper to chop them finely. Make sure you do not make it into a puree. 
  • In a saucepan, combine the soaked apricots with the reserved water. Add more water if needed. Cook on medium heat until the apricots are tender and can be easily mashe. This should take about 10 to 15 minutes.
  • Add sugar to the cooked apricots and mix well. Cook for another 5 to 10 minutes until the sugar dissolves completely and the mixture thickens slightly.
  • Stir in the lemon juice and mix well. 
  • Transfer the Qubani Ka Meetha to a serving dish. You can garnish with chopped nuts such as almonds and pistachios.
  • Serve warm or at room temperature, optionally with a dollop of fresh cream or a scoop of vanilla ice cream.

In My Hands Today…

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The Art of Fermentation: An in-Depth Exploration of Essential Concepts and Processes from Around the World – Sandor Ellix Katz

Winner of the 2013 James Beard Foundation Book Award for Reference and Scholarship, and a New York Times bestseller, The Art of Fermentation is the most comprehensive guide to do-it-yourself home fermentation ever published. Sandor Katz presents the concepts and processes behind fermentation in ways that are simple enough to guide a reader through their first experience making sauerkraut or yogurt, and in-depth enough to provide greater understanding and insight for experienced practitioners.

While Katz expertly contextualizes fermentation in terms of biological and cultural evolution, health and nutrition, and even economics, this is primarily a compendium of practical information–how the processes work; parameters for safety; techniques for effective preservation; troubleshooting; and more.

With two-color illustrations and extended resources, this book provides essential wisdom for cooks, homesteaders, farmers, gleaners, foragers, and food lovers of any kind who want to develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for arguably the oldest form of food preservation, and part of the roots of culture itself.

Readers will find detailed information on fermenting vegetables; sugars into alcohol (meads, wines, and ciders); sour tonic beverages; milk; grains and starchy tubers; beers (and other grain-based alcoholic beverages); beans; seeds; nuts; fish; meat; and eggs, as well as growing mold cultures, using fermentation in agriculture, art, and energy production, and considerations for commercial enterprises. Sandor Katz has introduced what will undoubtedly remain a classic in food literature, and is the first–and only–of its kind.

World Gratitude Day: The Power of Thankfulness

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In a world often dominated by stress, negativity, and the relentless pursuit of more, World Gratitude Day stands as a beacon of positivity, reminding us to pause and appreciate the good in our lives. Celebrated annually on September 21, this day encourages individuals, communities, and nations to express thankfulness and recognise the profound impact of gratitude on our well-being.

World Gratitude Day was born in 1965 during a Thanksgiving dinner in the meditation room of the United Nations building. The idea was proposed by Sri Chinmoy, a spiritual leader and meditation teacher who believed that gratitude could foster global unity and peace. At the dinner, Chinmoy suggested the creation of a global holiday dedicated to gratitude, and each attendee pledged to host an event in their home country on September 21 every year. The first World Gratitude Day was celebrated in 1966, and by 1977, the United Nations Meditation Group officially recognised the day. Since then, it has been observed annually, with people from all walks of life coming together to express their appreciation for the blessings in their lives.

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Gratitude is more than just a polite “thank you”; it is a profound emotion that can transform our mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Research has shown that practicing gratitude can lead to increased happiness, improved relationships, and even better physical health.

Gratitude shifts our focus from what we lack to what we have, fostering a sense of contentment and reducing feelings of envy and resentment. Studies have shown that individuals who regularly practice gratitude experience higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Expressing gratitude strengthens our relationships by making others feel valued and appreciated. It fosters empathy and compassion, creating a positive feedback loop of kindness and generosity.

Gratitude has been linked to improved sleep, reduced stress, and even a stronger immune system. By focusing on the positive aspects of our lives, we can reduce the harmful effects of stress and promote overall health.

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While World Gratitude Day does not have an official theme each year, the overarching message remains the same: to cultivate a sense of appreciation and thankfulness in our lives. There are countless ways to celebrate World Gratitude Day, whether through personal reflection, acts of kindness, or community events.

  • Keep a gratitude journal: Start writing down three things you are grateful for everyday. This simple exercise can help shift your focus to the positive aspects of your life and cultivate a sense of appreciation.
  • Write gratitude letters: Take the time to write heartfelt letters to the people who have made a positive impact on your life. Expressing your gratitude in writing can be a powerful way to strengthen your relationships and make others feel valued.
  • Perform random acts of kindness: Show your appreciation for others by performing small acts of kindness. Whether it’s buying coffee for a stranger, helping a colleague with a project, or volunteering your time, these gestures can have a ripple effect of positivity.
  • Practice mindfulness: Take a few moments throughout the day to be present and appreciate the beauty around you. Notice the small things, like the warmth of the sun on your face or the sound of birds chirping outside your window.
  • Host a gratitude gathering: Organise a gathering with friends, family, or colleagues to share what you are grateful for. This can be a powerful way to foster a sense of community and connection.

Gratitude has the power to transform not only individuals but also entire communities and societies. When people practice gratitude, they are more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors, such as volunteering, donating to charity, and helping others in need. This creates a culture of kindness and generosity, where people feel valued and supported.

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In the workplace, gratitude can increase employee satisfaction, improve teamwork, and increase productivity. When employees feel appreciated, they are more motivated and engaged, creating a positive and productive work environment.

On a global scale, gratitude can foster a sense of unity and peace. By recognising and appreciating the good in our lives, we can cultivate a sense of interconnectedness and empathy, leading to a more compassionate and harmonious world.

As we approach World Gratitude Day, let us take the time to reflect on the blessings in our lives and express our appreciation to those who have made a positive impact. Gratitude is a powerful force that can transform our lives, our relationships, and our world. By practicing gratitude, we can create a ripple effect of positivity, kindness, and compassion that extends far beyond ourselves.

So, make gratitude a daily practice. Whether through a simple “thank you,” a heartfelt letter, or an act of kindness, let us spread the message of gratitude and create a world where appreciation and thankfulness are at the forefront of our lives.