Muktinath Temple, Thorong La Pass, Nepal
The Muktinath Temple, located in the Mustang District near the base of the Thorong La Pass, is one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites for Hindus and Buddhists alike. Known as a Mukti Kshetra or a place of liberation, this temple is revered as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, where parts of Goddess Sati’s body are believed to have fallen.

At Muktinath, it is said that the forehead or Mukha of Sati fell. The temple is dedicated to Maa Gandaki Chandi, a form of Goddess Shakti, and Chakrapani Bhairava, a manifestation of Lord Shiva. Nestled at an altitude of 3,710 metres or 12,172 feet in the Himalayas, this sacred site blends natural beauty with profound spiritual significance.

The origins of Muktinath Temple are steeped in Hindu and Buddhist traditions. While its exact history is uncertain, records trace its existence back to the 1st century AD, making it one of the oldest religious sites in Nepal. The temple has been mentioned in various ancient scriptures and epics, including the Devi Bhagavata Purana and Skanda Purana. The great Indian philosopher Adi Shankaracharya is believed to have visited Muktinath in the 8th century and established it as an important pilgrimage site for Hindus. Over centuries, local rulers and devotees contributed to its preservation and prominence.

For Hindus, Muktinath is one of the eight Svayam Vyakta Kshetras or self-manifested shrines dedicated to Lord Vishnu and one of the 108 Divya Desams revered by Vaishnavites. For Buddhists, it is known as Chumig Gyatsa or a Hundred Waters and is considered a tantric site associated with Avalokitesvara or the Buddha. This dual religious significance makes Muktinath a unique symbol of harmony between two major faiths.

The central shrine houses a golden idol of Lord Vishnu in his self-manifested form, Svayam Vyakta. The idol exudes an aura of serenity and divinity. A separate shrine within the complex is dedicated to Maa Gandaki Chandi. Her presence symbolises the feminine cosmic energy that sanctifies this Shakti Peetha. Surrounding the temple are 108 bull-faced water spouts known as Mukti Dhara. Pilgrims believe that bathing under these icy streams washes away sins and grants liberation or moksha. A natural flame burns continuously near the temple over a water spring. Known as Jwala Mai, this flame symbolises Brahma, the creator and represents the eternal nature of life.

For Hindus, Muktinath represents salvation through Vishnu’s grace. For Buddhists, it is associated with Avalokitesvara or the Buddha and revered as one of their 24 tantric sites. Tibetan Buddhists believe that Muktinath houses 21 Taras or female deities and Dakinis or sky dancers, making it a sacred tantric site. Located along the Annapurna Circuit trekking route, the temple offers breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, lush valleys, and serene landscapes.

Pilgrims take a ritualistic bath under the 108 water spouts surrounding the temple. This act symbolises purification from sins and spiritual renewal. Despite freezing temperatures, devotees believe that enduring this hardship brings them closer to liberation. Pilgrims perform circumambulation or parikrama around both the temple complex and nearby Lake Gandaki as an act of devotion. Special fire rituals or hawan are conducted near Jwala Mai during auspicious occasions. Devotees offer ghee, rice, and herbs into the sacred fire while chanting Vedic mantras.

Daily pujas are performed by priests who offer flowers, especially lotus, fruits, incense sticks, and Tulsi leaves. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with hymns like Vishnu Sahasranama, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the shrine. Maha Shivratri is celebrated with devotees observing fasts and performing night-long prayers dedicated to Chakrapani Bhairava aka Lord Shiva.

According to legend, Lord Vishnu sought refuge at Muktinath after being cursed by Sage Vrinda for deceiving her husband Jalandhar during battle. To atone for his actions, Vishnu turned into a Shaligram stone at this site until he attained liberation or moksha. The black ammonite fossils found in the Kali Gandaki River are considered sacred manifestations of Vishnu. Another legend states that Tulasi Devi’s body transformed into the Gandaki River after she cursed Vishnu for his deception. Her divine presence sanctifies both the river and Muktinath Temple. Local lore suggests that Jwala Mai represents Brahma’s creative energy that sustains life on Earth. Pilgrims believe that meditating near this flame grants wisdom and enlightenment.

Muktinath Temple offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion. Whether one seeks salvation or wishes to explore Nepal’s rich cultural heritage intertwined with natural beauty, visiting this ancient shrine will leave one feeling connected to the divine.

Mithila Temple, Mithila, Nepal
Believed to be where Sati’s left shoulder is said to have fallen, the Mithila Shaktipeeth is located in Janakpur in Nepal’s Mithila region. The temple is dedicated to Uma Devi, a form of Goddess Durga, and Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Lord Mahodar Bhairava.

The temple is located in Janakpur, the ancient capital of Mithila and the birthplace of Goddess Sita, the consort of Lord Rama. This connection to the Ramayana adds another layer of sanctity to the site. The temple has existed for centuries and has been mentioned in various scriptures such as the Devi Bhagavata Purana and Skanda Purana. Over time, it became an important centre for Shaktism and a significant pilgrimage destination for devotees from India and Nepal. The name Mithila is derived from King Mithi, who established this region as a kingdom during ancient times.

The main sanctum houses an idol of Maa Uma Devi made from black stone. She is depicted standing gracefully with multiple arms holding weapons, symbolising her power to protect devotees. Mahodar Bhairava’s idol is also present within the complex, signifying his role as the guardian deity. The temple features traditional Indian architecture with intricate carvings depicting scenes from Hindu mythology. Its walls are adorned with vibrant frescoes showcasing various aspects of Goddess Durga and other deities. The temple structure resembles a fort with four minaret-like towers and a grand entrance gate. Within the temple complex lies an ancient shrine known as Sona Mai Mandir, dedicated to an older form of Devi worshipped in Mithilachal, the larger Mithila region.

A sacred pond near the temple is believed to have purifying powers. Devotees often take ritualistic baths here before entering the temple premises. Janakpur’s association with Sita Devi adds another dimension to its sanctity. Many pilgrims visit both Mithila Shaktipeeth and Janaki Mandir, dedicated to Goddess Sita during their pilgrimage.

Daily pujas are performed by priests. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the shrine. Navratri is celebrated twice a year with grand rituals and devotees observe fasting during these nine days to seek blessings for prosperity and protection. Durga Puja is also celebrated at Mithila Shaktipeeth with elaborate rituals conducted over nine days. The temple is adorned with flowers and lights during this festival.

An elaborate Abhishekam ritual involves bathing the idol with milk, honey, ghee, curd, and holy water while chanting Vedic mantras. Janaki Navami, celebrated in May, marks Sita Devi’s birth anniversary and attracts thousands of devotees who visit both Mithila Shaktipeeth and Janaki Mandir.

According to legend, King Janaka discovered an idol of Maa Uma Devi while plowing a field as part of a yajna ritual. This discovery marked the beginning of Devi worship in Mithila and established it as a sacred region. It is believed that the great Sanskrit poet Kalidasa received divine blessings at Mithila Shaktipeeth before composing his masterpieces such as Meghadoota and Raghuvamsha. Devotees believe that praying at Mithila Shaktipeeth cures ailments and grants peace of mind. Many pilgrims visit specifically seeking Maa Uma Devi’s intervention in resolving personal or familial issues.

The location of Mithila Shaktipeeth at Janakpur, which is the birthplace of Goddess Sita is a starting point to explore Nepal’s rich cultural heritage intertwined with Hindu mythology.

Guhyeshwari Temple, Kathmandu, Nepal
The Guhyeshwari Temple is located on the southern bank of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu. It is believed that the knees of Goddess Sati fell at this site, sanctifying it as a Shakti Peetha. The temple is dedicated to Guhyekali, a form of Goddess Shakti, and Lord Kapali Bhairava, a manifestation of Lord Shiva. Nestled amidst the vibrant Kathmandu Valley and just a kilometre away from the famous Pashupatinath Temple, Guhyeshwari Temple is both a spiritual sanctuary and an architectural marvel.

The temple’s name is derived from two Sanskrit words: Guhya which means secret or hidden, and Ishwari which means a goddess, symbolising the goddess’s mystical and esoteric nature. The temple has been a centre for Tantric practices since ancient times and is mentioned in sacred texts like the Kali Tantra, Chandi Tantra, and Shiva Tantra Rahasya. These scriptures highlight its importance as a place for attaining spiritual enlightenment through Tantric rituals.

Historically, the temple was constructed during the rule of King Shanker Dev of the Lichhavi period with assistance from Narasingha Thakur, a noted Tantric practitioner. It was later renovated in 1654 by King Pratap Malla under the guidance of Lambakarna Bhatta, another renowned Tantric scholar. The temple has since been preserved as a vital site for Hindu worship.

The central sanctum houses a sacred water jar or kalasha that represents Maa Guhyekali instead of a traditional idol. The kalasha is adorned with silver and gold coatings and rests on a stone foundation that covers an underground natural water spring. Vapours emanating from the edges of this foundation are believed to symbolise divine energy. The temple features traditional Newari architecture with a four-tiered pagoda-style roof adorned with gilded nagas or serpents that protect the finial. Intricate wood carvings and metalwork embellish the structure, reflecting Nepalese craftsmanship.

The temple is considered one of the most powerful centres for Tantric practices. It is believed that practitioners can gain mastery over esoteric knowledge and spiritual powers by performing rituals here. Located just one kilometre from the Pashupatinath Temple, Guhyeshwari is often visited by pilgrims as part of their journey to honour both Lord Shiva and Goddess Shakti. Unlike other temples where deities are depicted in upright forms, Maa Guhyekali’s representation here is flat-headed and parallel to the ground, symbolising humility and hidden power.

Special Tantric rituals are conducted during auspicious nights like Amavasya to invoke Maa Guhyekali’s blessings for spiritual growth or supernatural powers. These rites involve offerings such as red cloth, vermilion, liquor, and meat—symbolic elements in Tantric worship. Navratri is celebrated with great fervour at Guhyeshwari Temple. Devotees observe fasting and participate in special prayers to honor Maa Guhyekali’s nurturing aspect. The temple becomes crowded during these nine days as pilgrims seek blessings for prosperity and protection. An annual fair, the Guhyeshwari Jatra held in November attracts thousands of devotees who gather for rituals, cultural performances, and community feasts. It is believed that couples who marry at Guhyeshwari Temple will remain soulmates for seven lifetimes. Special marriage ceremonies are conducted here upon request.

According to legend, Maa Guhyekali chose to manifest herself in a hidden form beneath the ground at this site to protect her devotees from negative forces. This explains why her representation here is flat-headed rather than upright. Ancient texts describe how sages like Narasingha Thakur attained mastery over Tantra by meditating at Guhyeshwari Temple. It is said that even today, practitioners experience heightened spiritual energy while performing rituals here. Devotees believe that praying at Guhyeshwari Temple cures ailments and grants peace of mind.

The Guhyeshwari Temple with its sacred kalash, tantric rituals and legends in the serene Kathmandu valley is a must-visit place for those who seek spiritual solace.

Shri Mahalakshmi Griva Peeth, Dakshin Surma Upazila, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Also known as the Chandreshwar Bhairavi Griva Shakti Peetha, the Shri Mahalakshmi Griva Peeth is located in Gotatikar village, near Kalagul Tea Estate in Dakshin Surma Upazila, Sylhet. It is said that this is where the neck or griva of Goddess Sati is believed to have fallen. The temple is dedicated to Mahalakshmi, a form of Goddess Durga, and Lord Shiva, worshipped here as Sambaranand Bhairava. Nestled amidst lush tea gardens and serene landscapes, the Shri Mahalakshmi Griva Peeth is a sacred destination for devotees seeking divine blessings and spiritual solace.

The origins of the Shri Mahalakshmi Griva Peeth are deeply rooted in Hindu mythology. The temple has been a centre of devotion for centuries. According to local legends, the sacred neck of Goddess Sati fell on a black rock in this region, which remained hidden for many years. During the 12th or 13th century, while constructing a road in the area, labourers unearthed this rock but were unable to move it despite repeated attempts. It was then that a divine vision instructed the local zamindar, Deviprasad Das Munshi, to establish a shrine at this location. The temple was built without a roof as per Maa Mahalakshmi’s wish conveyed through dreams to Deviprasad. Even today, the temple remains open to the sky, symbolising the goddess’s desire to be worshipped under natural light.

The temple does not have a roof over its sanctum sanctorum. This unique feature reflects Maa Mahalakshmi’s wish to remain open to natural light and air. Devotees believe that this open-air design enhances their connection with the goddess and nature. The sanctum houses a large black rock believed to be imbued with divine energy from Sati’s neck. This rock is adorned with vermilion or sindoor, flowers, and other offerings made by devotees. The rock emits an aura of sanctity that draws pilgrims from far and wide. A separate shrine dedicated to Sambaranand Bhairava or Lord Shiva is located within the temple complex. His idol is depicted in meditative form, symbolising his role as protector of this sacred site.

The temple’s location amidst sprawling tea gardens adds to its tranquil ambiance. Pilgrims often describe their journey through these lush landscapes as spiritually uplifting. The temple was established by Deviprasad Das Munshi during British rule and has been maintained by his descendants over generations. Despite challenges like land encroachments and invasions, it remains a vital center for Shaktism.

Daily pujas are performed with the morning Aarti at sunrise which begins with the chanting of hymns like Lakshmi Ashtottara Shatanamavali, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Navratri is celebrated twice a year when devotees observe fasting during these nine days to seek blessings for prosperity and protection. Lakshmi Puja is celebrated during Diwali. Special offerings like gold ornaments and silk sarees are presented to Maa Mahalakshmi during this festival. An annual fair is held within the temple grounds during Navratri or Lakshmi Puja celebrations. This event includes cultural performances, stalls selling religious items, and community feasts.

According to legend, Deviprasad Das Munshi had recurring dreams in which Maa Mahalakshmi appeared and instructed him to build an open-air shrine at Gotatikar where her neck had fallen. Despite initial resistance from locals who feared divine wrath if disturbed, Deviprasad followed her instructions and established the temple as it stands today. During road construction in the area centuries ago, labourers discovered a massive black rock but were unable to move it despite their best efforts. It was only after divine intervention through dreams that they realized its sacred significance as part of Sati’s body. Devotees believe that praying at Shri Mahalakshmi Griva Peeth cures ailments and grants peace of mind. Many pilgrims visit specifically seeking Maa Mahalakshmi’s intervention in resolving personal or familial issues.

The Shri Mahalakshmi Griva Peeth with its open-air sanctum and legends amidst the tea gardens provides an ideal setting for meditation and introspection.

Bhabanipur, Sherpur Upazila, Bogra, Bangladesh
The Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth, located in Sherpur Upazila, Bogra District is an ancient temple complex dedicated to Maa Aparna, a form of Goddess Sati. Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Baba Vaman Bhairava. According to legend, it is the site where the left anklet, an ornament of Goddess Sati fell.

The temple complex has existed for centuries, though its exact date of establishment remains unknown. Historical evidence suggests that it was an important centre of worship during the rule of local kings and zamindars who contributed to its development. The temple gained prominence under the patronage of Rani Bhabani, a devout queen from Natore who played a significant role in restoring and maintaining the temple. The name Bhabanipur derives from Bhabani, another name for Goddess Durga or Sati. The temple is located near the now-defunct Kartoa River, which was once considered a holy river by devotees.

The sanctum sanctorum houses an idol of Maa Aparna adorned with vermilion or sindoor, gold ornaments, and garlands. The idol exudes an aura of serenity and divine power. A symbolic stone representing Sati’s anklet is also worshipped within the temple premises. A sacred pond called Shakha Pukur lies within the temple complex. According to legend, Maa Aparna revealed herself here wearing conch bangles or shakha, making this pond highly revered by devotees. Pilgrims take ritual baths in this pond before entering the temple to purify themselves.

The sprawling complex covers an area of approximately four acres and includes several temples. The main shrine is dedicated to Maa Aparna. There are four Shiva temples with the Patal Bhairava Temple dedicated to Baba Vaman Bhairava. There are temples dedicated to Lord Gopal, another name for Lord Krishna and Vasudev. There is also a Nat Mandir for devotional performances. A rare Panchamunda Asana or an altar made from five skulls is located within the complex. It is used for Tantric rituals performed by priests on auspicious occasions. A sacred tree known as Belbaran Tala stands near the temple. Devotees tie red or yellow threads around its branches while making wishes.

The rituals at Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth reflect ancient traditions combined with local customs. Daily pujas are performed by priests who offer flowers , fruits, coconuts, rice, incense sticks, and sweets to the goddess. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Maghi Purnima on the full moon in February, is one of the most important festivals celebrated at Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth. Thousands of devotees gather for special prayers and rituals during this time.

Ram Navami is another major festival celebrated here with devotees participating in processions, kirtans or devotional songs, and community feasts. Pilgrims take holy baths in Shakha Pukur before offering prayers at the temple. This ritual is believed to cleanse sins and bring prosperity. On new moon nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests at the Panchamunda Asana to invoke Maa Aparna’s blessings for protection and spiritual growth.

According to legend, a conch-bangle dealer passing by Shakha Pukur encountered a little girl wearing vermilion on her forehead who claimed to be the daughter of Natore Palace. She purchased bangles from him and instructed him to collect payment from Rani Bhabani’s palace. When he relayed this story to Rani Bhabani, she rushed to Shakha Pukur, where Maa Aparna emerged from the water wearing bangles on her wrists. This miraculous event spread her divinity throughout the region.

Another legend tells of a black stone discovered during excavation near Shakha Pukur. Despite multiple attempts, workers were unable to move it until they realised it was imbued with divine energy from Maa Aparna’s anklet. Devotees believe that praying at Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth cures ailments and grants peace of mind. Many pilgrims visit specifically seeking Maa Aparna’s intervention in resolving personal or familial issues.

The Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion. Whether one seeks spiritual solace or wishes to explore India’s rich cultural heritage, visiting this ancient shrine will leave one feeling connected to the divine feminine energy.

Manas Shakt Peetha, Lake Manasarovar, Mount Kailash, Tibet, China
Located near Lake Manasarovar, the Mansarovar Shakti Peeth at the base of Mount Kailash in Tibet is revered as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas. It is believed to be where the right hand of Goddess Sati fell. The temple is dedicated to Maa Dakshayani, a form of Goddess Sati, and Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Amar Bhairava. Nestled amidst the breathtaking landscapes of the Himalayas, this Shakti Peetha is not only a spiritual destination but also a symbol of divine connection and cosmic balance.

Lake Manasarovar itself holds immense spiritual significance and is often referred to as the Lake of Consciousness. According to Hindu belief, it was first formed in the mind of Lord Brahma before manifesting on Earth. The lake’s proximity to Mount Kailash—the celestial abode of Lord Shiva—further enhances its sanctity. The Mansarovar region has been a centre for pilgrimage for thousands of years. The temple dedicated to Maa Dakshayani is believed to have been established by sages who meditated in the region to seek divine blessings. Over time, it became an important destination for devotees undertaking the arduous Kailash Mansarovar Yatra.

The temple is located near Mount Kailash, which is considered the cosmic axis connecting heaven and Earth. This proximity enhances its spiritual importance as pilgrims believe that visiting both Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar completes their journey toward liberation or moksha. Known as one of the highest freshwater lakes in the world, Lake Manasarovar symbolises purity and enlightenment. Its emerald-blue waters are believed to cleanse sins and grant spiritual renewal. Pilgrims often perform circumambulation or a parikrama around the lake as part of their rituals.

Unlike traditional temples with elaborate structures, the Mansarovar Shakti Peeth features an open-air shrine where devotees worship a sacred stone believed to embody Maa Dakshayani’s energy. A small shrine dedicated to Amar Bhairava or Lord Shiva stands near the main temple. His idol depicts him in a meditative posture symbolising eternal peace and protection. Surrounded by snow-capped peaks, pristine waters, and serene landscapes, the temple offers a tranquil environment ideal for meditation and introspection.

Taking a dip in Lake Manasarovar is considered one of the most sacred acts for pilgrims. It symbolises washing away past sins and attaining spiritual purity. Although direct bathing in the lake is now restricted due to environmental concerns, pilgrims collect water in containers for rituals. Pilgrims perform circumambulation or parikramas around both Lake Manasarovar and Mount Kailash as an act of devotion. The lake’s parikrama spans approximately 105 kilometers and is often completed by bus or on foot. Special fire rituals or hawans are conducted on the banks of Lake Manasarovar during auspicious occasions. Devotees offer ghee, rice, and herbs into the sacred fire while chanting Vedic mantras. Maha Shivratri is celebrated with great fervour at Mansarovar Shakti Peeth. Devotees observe fasting and perform night-long prayers dedicated to Amar Bhairava or Lord Shiva.

According to legend, Lake Manasarovar was first formed in the mind or manas of Lord Brahma before manifesting on Earth. It was created as a celestial bathing place for his sons after their journey through creation. Another legend states that celestial swans or hamsas reside on Lake Manasarovar during summer months. These swans symbolise wisdom and enlightenment in Hinduism and are believed to be manifestations of divine energy. Local lore suggests that Amar Bhairava grants immortality or amaratva to those who pray earnestly at his shrine near Mansarovar Shakti Peeth. Many pilgrims visit specifically seeking his blessings for protection and longevity.

The Mansarovar Shakti Peeth, with its open-air shrine and rituals like the parikrama around Lake Manasarovar provide opportunities for deep introspection and renewal.

Last week, we completed all the Shakti Peethas located within India’s borders. From this part, let’s look at Shakti Peethas that are in what used to be part of India, pre-independence as well as one which though was probably never a part of India, but is in an area that is revered in Hinduism and symbolism.

Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple, Shyamnagar Upazila, Bangladesh

The Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple, located in Ishwaripur village, Shyamnagar Upazila, Satkhira district in Bangladesh is dedicated to Goddess Kali. Known as the Goddess of Jessore, the Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple blends mythology, devotion, and architectural heritage.

The Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple has a rich history that dates back centuries. It is believed that the temple was originally established by a Brahmin named Anari, who constructed a grand structure with 100 doors to honor Maa Jeshoreshwari. The exact timeline of its construction remains uncertain, but it is widely regarded as one of the oldest temples in Bangladesh. The temple gained prominence during the reign of Maharaja Pratapaditya, a 16th-century ruler of Jessore. According to legend, one of his generals discovered a luminant ray of light emanating from the bushes in Ishwaripur. Upon investigation, they found a stone carved in the shape of a human palm. Recognizing its divine significance, Maharaja Pratapaditya built the Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple at this site and began worshipping Goddess Kali. Later renovations were carried out by rulers such as Lakshman Sen and other local patrons. However, much of the original structure was damaged over time due to invasions and natural decay. Despite this, the temple continues to attract devotees who revere it as a sacred Shakti Peetha.

According to legend, the palm of Sati’s hand fell at this site, sanctifying it as a centre of divine feminine energy. Goddess Sati is worshipped here as Jeshoreshwari, symbolising divine protection and strength. Lord Shiva is revered as Chanda Bhairava, representing his role as a guardian and protector. 

The sanctum sanctorum houses a black stone idol of Maa Jeshoreshwari adorned with vermilion, gold ornaments, and garlands. The idol exudes an aura of power and compassion. The palm-shaped stone discovered by Maharaja Pratapaditya is preserved within the temple premises and is considered highly sacred by devotees. A large rectangular platform known as Natmandir was built adjacent to the main temple. This structure allowed devotees to view Maa Jeshoreshwari’s face during rituals. Although much of it crumbled after 1971, remnants such as pillars remain visible today. The temple showcases traditional Bengali architecture with intricate carvings on its walls and domed roofs. Despite its simplicity, the temple’s design emphasises spiritual connection over material grandeur. The name Jeshoreshwari translates to Goddess of Jessore. Historically, Ishwaripur was part of Jessore before administrative boundaries changed. 

Daily pujas are performed by priests who offer flowers, fruits, coconuts, sweets, incense sticks, and rice to Maa Jeshoreshwari. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Kali Puja is celebrated with great fervor at Jeshoreshwari Temple. Elaborate rituals are conducted overnight to honor Maa Kali’s fierce aspect. Devotees offer red sarees and garlands made from hibiscus flowers during this festival. An annual fair, a mela is held in the temple compound during Kali Puja or Navratri celebrations. This event includes cultural performances, stalls selling religious items, and community feasts. Navratri is celebrated twice a year and devotees observe fasts during these nine days to seek blessings for prosperity and protection. On new moon nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests to invoke Maa Jeshoreshwari’s protective energy.

One of the most popular legends associated with Jeshoreshwari Temple involves Maharaja Pratapaditya’s general discovering a luminant ray of light emanating from bushes in Ishwaripur village. Upon investigating further, they found a stone carved in the shape of a human palm. Recognizing its divine significance, Maharaja Pratapaditya built the temple at this site and began worshipping Goddess Kali. Devotees believe that touching or praying before the palm-shaped stone brings blessings and fulfills wishes. Many pilgrims visit specifically to seek Maa Jeshoreshwari’s intervention in resolving personal or familial issues. It is said that Maa Jeshoreshwari possesses miraculous healing powers. Many devotees claim to have been cured of ailments after offering prayers or participating in rituals at this sacred shrine.

The Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion. 

Chattal Bhawani Shaktipeeth/Chandranath Temple, Chittagong, Bangladesh

The Chattal Bhawani Shaktipeeth, also known as the Chandranath Temple, is a revered Hindu shrine located atop Chandranath Hill in Sitakunda, Chittagong. According to legend, the right arm of Goddess Sati fell at this sacred site. The temple is dedicated to Maa Bhawani, a form of Goddess Sati, and Lord Shiva, is worshipped here as Chandrasekhar Bhairava. 

The exact date of the temple’s construction remains uncertain, but historical records suggest that it has existed for several centuries. According to local legends, the temple was originally established by a king who received divine instructions in a dream to build a shrine atop Chandranath Hill. Over time, the temple gained prominence as a centre for Shaktism and received patronage from various rulers and devotees. The name Chattal Bhawani derives from Chattal, an ancient name for Chittagong, and Bhawani, a form of Goddess Sati symbolising protection and strength. 

The sanctum sanctorum houses two main idols: one of Maa Bhawani and another of Lord Shiva as Chandrasekhar. Maa Bhawani’s idol exudes an aura of power and compassion, while Lord Shiva’s idol depicts him with a crescent moon on his head. Devotees believe that these idols radiate divine energy that fulfils wishes and grants blessings. The temple is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,020 feet above sea level on Chandranath Hill. Pilgrims must climb around 3,500 steps to reach the summit, making their journey both physically challenging and spiritually rewarding. The hill offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, including lush greenery and distant rivers.

The temple complex features a medieval chariot known for its intricate wood carvings. This chariot is used during special festivals and processions. The area around Chandranath Hill is rich in natural beauty, with attractions such as waterfalls, the Sohosrodhara Jorna and scenic trails that enhance the spiritual ambience. The temple has received patronage from various rulers over centuries. Notably, King Dhanya Manikya of Tripura attempted to relocate the Shiva idol to his kingdom but failed due to divine intervention.

Daily pujas are performed by priests. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns while the evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Shivratri is celebrated with great fervour at Chandranath Temple. Devotees observe fasting and perform night-long prayers dedicated to Lord Shiva. Special yagnas are conducted during this festival to invoke divine blessings. An annual fair known as the Sitakund Mela is held during Shivratri celebrations in February-March. This event attracts thousands of pilgrims who gather for rituals, cultural performances, and community feasts. On new moon nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests to invoke Maa Bhawani’s protective energy. The trek up Chandranath Hill is considered an act of devotion. Pilgrims often chant mantras or sing devotional songs during their ascent.

According to legend, King Dhanya Manikya of Tripura attempted to relocate the Shiva idol from Chandranath Temple to his kingdom but failed despite multiple efforts. It is believed that divine forces intervened to protect the sanctity of the temple. In the late medieval period, Gangaram Biswas from West Bengal built the first set of stairs leading up to Chandranath Hill after his elderly mother expressed her desire to visit the temple but was unable to climb due to her age. These steps were later renovated by zamindars from Bengal. Devotees believe that praying at Chandranath Temple cures ailments and grants peace of mind. Many pilgrims visit specifically seeking Maa Bhawani’s intervention in resolving personal or familial issues.

The Chattal Bhawani Shaktipeeth with its hilltop location emphasises ancient traditions while preserving spiritual heritage. Whether you seek spiritual solace or wish to explore India’s rich cultural heritage, visiting this ancient shrine will leave you feeling connected to divine feminine energy. 

Dhakeshwari Temple, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The Dhakeshwari Temple, located in Dhaka is one of the most revered Hindu shrines in the Indian subcontinent. Known as the Dhakeshwari Jatiya Mandir or National Temple, it is not only the largest Hindu temple in Bangladesh but also one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, where parts of Goddess Sati’s body are believed to have fallen. 

It is said that a gem from Sati’s crown fell here. The temple is dedicated to Maa Dhakeshwari, a form of Goddess Durga or Adi Shakti, and Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Vishwesh Bhairava. According to legend, King Ballal Sen of the Sena dynasty who ruled in the 12th century discovered a hidden idol of Goddess Durga under a tree in Dhaka after being guided by a divine dream. The goddess revealed herself as Dhakeshwari, meaning Goddess of Dhaka, and instructed the king to establish her temple at this site. Ballal Sen built the temple to honour her and named it after her divine form. The temple is believed to have given Dhaka its name.

Another legend ties the temple’s origin to King Bijoy Sen’s wife, who prayed for a safe childbirth at Langolbond while on a pilgrimage. Her son Ballal Sen later fulfilled her vow by constructing this temple as an offering to Maa Dhakeshwari. Over centuries, the temple underwent several renovations and reconstructions due to natural decay and destruction during invasions. During the 17th century, Raja Man Singh is said to have rebuilt parts of the temple. However, much of its original structure was lost during political upheavals in modern history. 

The original idol of Maa Dhakeshwari was relocated during Partition in 1947 to Kumortuli in Kolkata due to safety concerns. Today, two temples—one in Kolkata known as the Dhakeswari Mata Temple housing the original idol and one in Dhaka with a replica—serve as spiritual centres for devotees. The main temple follows the traditional Pancharatna or five-spired architecture with intricate carvings depicting scenes from Hindu mythology. Within the complex are four smaller Shiva temples arranged in a row, each housing a Shiva Lingam. 

A large pond within the temple premises adds serenity to the environment and is used for ritualistic purification by devotees before entering the sanctum. A spacious Natya Mandir or prayer hall stands adjacent to the main shrine for devotional performances during festivals. One popular belief suggests that drums or dhaks were played from an elevated stage at this temple to demarcate the city’s boundaries during its early settlement period. The sound of these drums gave rise to the name Dhaka.

Daily pujas are performed by priests. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the sanctum. Like all Shakti Peethas, Durga Puja is celebrated with great fervour with elaborate rituals conducted over nine days. The deity is adorned with new clothes and jewelry donated by devotees during this festival. Navratri is celebrated twice a year with devotees observing fasts during these nine days as an act of devotion. Devotees participate in mass bathing rituals at Langolbond on Sukla Ashtami, the eighth day of the Chaitra month before visiting Dhakeshwari Temple for blessings. On new moon nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests. 

According to legend, King Ballal Sen dreamt of Maa Durga instructing him to find her idol buried beneath a tree near present-day Old Dhaka. Upon excavation, he discovered her statue under what became known as the Dhakka tree and established her shrine there. It is believed that pilgrims who meditate at this Shakti Peetha receive blessings equivalent to wearing divine gemstones that protect them from misfortune. 

During Partition in 1947, priests relocated Maa Dhakeshwari’s original idol to Kumortuli in Kolkata due to concerns over communal violence targeting Hindu temples in East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. 

The Dhakeshwari Temple offers visitors a unique spiritual experience. The Pancharatna architecture which emphasises ancient traditions amid bustling Old Dhaka provides a unique experience. 

Nalhateswari Temple, Nalhati, West Bengal
The Nalateswari Temple, located in Nalhati, Birbhum district is dedicated to Maa Nalateswari, a form of Goddess Sati, and Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Jogesh Bhairava. It is believed that the larynx or nala of Goddess Sati fell at this site.

The temple’s history dates back to the 16th century, with its construction attributed to the Malla kings. However, local legends suggest that the temple was rediscovered by Ram Sharam Devsharma, a devotee who found the larynx of Maa Sati in the dense forests of Nalhati. Over time, the temple became a centre of devotion and was later renovated by Rani Bhavani and Maharaja Ranajit Singh of Nashipur in the late 19th century. The name Nalateswari derives from Nala or larynx and Ishwari or goddess. The temple also served as a refuge for freedom fighters during India’s independence movement.

The sanctum sanctorum houses a self-manifested or swayambhu stone idol of Maa Nalateswari adorned with vermilion, sindoor, a silver crown, and three golden eyes or trinayan. Her golden-red tongue symbolizes her fierce aspect. Below her idol lies the sacred nala or throat of Sati. It is believed that no matter how much water is poured on it, it never overflows or dries up. Devotees often hear a gulping sound resembling human swallowing when water flows through it. A sacred pond known as Lalita Kund lies within the temple premises. Pilgrims take a holy dip in this pond before entering the shrine to purify their souls. The temple features traditional Bengali architecture with a raised pinnacle, a shikhara, above its sanctum. Its design includes a natmandir, a prayer hall, and smaller shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva, Lord Ganesha, and Lord Hanuman. A mysterious neem tree near the temple is considered sacred by devotees. It is said to possess healing powers and is often worshipped alongside Maa Nalateswari.

Daily worship at the temple include the morning and evening aartis. Navratri is celebrated twice a year with grand rituals honoring Maa Nalateswari’s nurturing aspect. Devotees observe fasting during these nine days to seek blessings for prosperity and protection. Kali Puja is celebrated with great fervor at Nalateswari Temple. Elaborate rituals are conducted to honor Maa Durga’s fierce aspect as Kali. Devotees offer red hibiscus flowers symbolic of power and victory over evil forces. Every full moon or Purnima, a grand fair is held within the temple grounds. This event includes cultural programs, stalls selling handicrafts, and community feasts. On new moon or Amavasya nights, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests to invoke Maa Nalateswari’s protective energy.

According to legend, Kamdev, the Hindu god of love, dreamt about the existence of Maa Sati’s larynx in the forests of Nalhati. Guided by his vision, he discovered the sacred spot where her nala lay buried beneath layers of earth. This marked the beginning of worship at this Shakti Peetha. Devotees believe that pouring water on Maa Nalateswari’s throat produces a gulping sound resembling human swallowing—a phenomenon considered miraculous by pilgrims who visit this shrine. During India’s struggle for independence, freedom fighters used the temple premises as a hideout due to its remote location and supportive priests who provided them shelter and food.

The Nalateswari Temple offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion. It is a must visit for those seeking solace or want to explore India’s rich cultural heritage.

Tarapith, Rampurhat, West Bengal
Recognised as one of the Shakti Peethas, the Tarapith Temple, located in Rampurhat is dedicated to Goddess Tara, a fierce and compassionate form of Shakti. At Tarapith, it is said that the third eye of Sati fell, sanctifying the location as a center of immense spiritual energy. The temple is closely associated with tantric practices and the mystic saint Bamakhepa, whose life and devotion to Tara are legendary.

The temple is said to have been established in the 13th century and has undergone several renovations over time. The current structure was built in 1225 by Jagannath Ray of Mallarpur village. The temple’s name derives from Tara which means star or eye in Bengali, symbolizing the divine vision of Goddess Tara. Tarapith has been a centre for tantric practices for centuries and is regarded as a Siddha Pitha, a site where devotees can attain enlightenment and supernatural powers or siddhis. The temple’s proximity to the cremation ground further enhances its significance for tantric practitioners.

Goddess Sati is worshipped here as Maa Tara, symbolising protection, compassion, and divine wisdom. Lord Shiva is revered as Akshobhya Bhairava, representing his role as a guardian and protector. The third eye or netra of Sati is believed to have fallen at this site.

The main idol of Maa Tara depicts her suckling Lord Shiva as a child. This unique form symbolises her nurturing aspect while also embodying her fierce power. The idol is adorned with a silver crown, red vermilion or sindoor, and garlands made from skulls or mundamala, emphasising her tantric association. Tarapith is renowned as one of India’s most important centres for tantric worship. Tantriks perform esoteric rituals in the adjoining cremation ground to invoke Maa Tara’s blessings. Offerings such as liquor and meat are made during specific rituals, reflecting ancient tantric traditions.

The cremation ground near the temple is considered highly sacred and serves as a hub for tantric practices. Devotees believe that Maa Tara resides here in her ferocious form. Many pilgrims visit this site to meditate or perform ancestral rites or tarpan. The temple is closely linked to the mystic saint Bamakhepa, who spent his life worshipping Maa Tara. His ashram near the temple continues to attract devotees seeking spiritual guidance.

The temple features an eight-roofed structure, an aatchala, with intricate carvings depicting scenes from Hindu epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana. Its simplicity contrasts with its profound spiritual energy.

Daily pujas are performed by priests who offer flowers, bananas, coconuts, sweets, liquor, and even meat to Maa Tara. Morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Kamalakanta Kali Puja is the annual festival dedicated to Maa Kali that attracts thousands of devotees who gather for night-long prayers and rituals. Special offerings like red sarees and garlands made from hibiscus flowers are presented to Maa Tara during this time.

Devotees perform tarpan or ancestral rites at the cremation ground near the temple to honor their ancestors and seek their blessings. Tantriks perform esoteric rituals during auspicious nights like Amavasya or the new moon, to invoke Maa Tara’s blessings for spiritual growth or supernatural powers. Devotees often seek healing from ailments by offering prayers at Maa Tara’s shrine or taking a dip in the sacred tank adjacent to the temple.

According to legend, Sage Vashishtha performed intense penance at Tarapith to please Goddess Tara. Despite reciting her mantra 300,000 times, he failed to invoke her presence. On Lord Buddha’s advice, Vashishtha adopted tantric practices, vamachara, and successfully pleased Maa Tara. She appeared before him in her nurturing form—breastfeeding Lord Shiva—and turned into a stone idol that became enshrined in the temple.

Known as the mad saint, Bamakhepa was one of Maa Tara’s most ardent devotees. He spent years meditating in the cremation ground and was said to possess miraculous healing powers granted by Maa Tara herself. Once when priests denied him food before offering it to Maa Tara, she appeared in a queen’s dream demanding that Bamakhepa be fed first as her beloved son. The sacred tank near the temple is believed to have healing properties. Devotees often bathe here before entering the temple premises or collect its water for use in rituals.

The Tarapith Temple offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion. Its unique features like tantric practices emphasise ancient traditions while preserving spiritual heritage.

Shrinkala Devi Temple, Pandua, West Bengal
The Shrinkala Devi Temple, once located in Pandua, West Bengal, is shrouded in controversy and uncertainty. Unlike many other Shakti Peethas, this sacred site has a complex history that has led to debates about its current location and status.

Originally situated in Pandua, Hooghly district, the Shrinkala Devi Temple was considered one of the 51 Shakti Peethas and was believed to be the spot where Sati’s stomach fell. However, the original temple structure no longer exists. Historical records indicate that it was destroyed by Muslim invaders, likely during the Delhi Sultanate period. A minar was subsequently built at the site, possibly by Zafar Khan Gazi, a general of Sultan Alauddin Khalji in the late 13th century.

The destruction of the original temple has led to several controversies and competing claims about the true location of the Shrinkala Devi Shakti Peetha. Some believe that the original site in Pandua remains the true Shakti Peetha, despite the absence of a temple structure. The Archaeological Survey of India now maintains the site. Another claim suggests that Rishyasringa Maharshi, on the goddess’s command, moved the deity to Sringeri in Karnataka. Some devotees believe the Shakti Peetha is present in the Ganga Sagar region, also known as Adinath Kshetra. There are also claims that the temple might be located in Chotila, Gujarat while some sources suggest the temple might be near the Somnath temple in Prabhas Pattan.

In recent years, there have been efforts by Hindu organisations to reclaim and revive the worship of Shrinkala Devi. The Sanyukta Hindu Front initiated a campaign in 2022 to restore the significance of the Shrinkala Devi temple. They have started performing regular pujas on Amavasya or new moon days and are seeking information from the Archaeological Survey of India about the original site in Pandua.

Despite the absence of a physical temple, devotion to Shrinkala Devi continues. Given the uncertainty of the temple’s location, many devotees worship Shrinkala Devi in a formless aspect. An annual 30-day festival called Mela Tala is celebrated near the original site in Pandua during the month of Magha, around February. The Sanyukta Hindu Front has encouraged devotees to perform small pujas in their homes or offices on Amavasya days.

As efforts continue to reclaim and revive the worship of Shrinkala Devi, this Shakti Peetha serves as a poignant reminder of the complex interplay between faith, history, and cultural preservation in modern India. It challenges us to consider how spiritual traditions can endure and evolve even in the absence of physical structures, and how devotees can maintain connections to sacred sites across vast distances and through centuries of change.

Ujaani Temple, Mangalkot, West Bengal
The Ujani Shakti Peeth, located in the serene village of Ujani near Guskara in Bardhaman district is dedicated to Maa Mangal Chandi, a powerful form of Goddess Durga. It is believed that Sati’s right wrist fell at this location in Ujani village.

The temple has been a centre of devotion for centuries. The name Mangal Chandi reflects the goddess’s role as a protector and benefactor of her devotees. The word Mangal means welfare, while Chandi refers to Goddess Durga’s fierce and protective aspect. The temple’s current structure is simple yet exudes an aura of divinity that draws pilgrims seeking peace and blessings. The temple is located about 16 kilometers from Guskara Railway Station and is easily accessible by road. Surrounded by lush greenery and ancient trees, the temple offers a serene environment for meditation and worship.

Goddess Sati is worshipped here as Maa Mangal Chandi, symbolising divine protection and nurturing energy. Lord Shiva is revered as Kapilambar Bhairava, representing his role as a guardian and protector. The combination of Maa Mangal Chandi and Kapilambar Bhairava represents the union of nurturing feminine energy with protective masculine power, making this Shakti Peetha a site of immense spiritual significance.

The Ujani Shakti Peeth stands out for its distinctive characteristics. The sanctum sanctorum houses two idols: one of Maa Mangal Chandi and another of Lord Shiva as Kapilambar Bhairava. Maa Mangal Chandi’s idol depicts her in a benevolent yet powerful form, adorned with ornaments and flowers offered by devotees. Kapilambar Bhairava’s idol symbolises Lord Shiva’s meditative yet protective aspect.

The temple structure is painted yellow and lacks elaborate architectural ornamentation. Its simplicity emphasizes spiritual connection over material grandeur. The courtyard is shaded by ancient trees that add to the temple’s serene ambiance. A pavilion or mandap in front of the deity provides space for devotees to sit and meditate. Pilgrims often describe entering meditative states effortlessly in this peaceful setting. Surrounded by greenery, the temple offers a calm environment ideal for introspection and prayer. Birds chirping in the trees add to its natural charm.

Daily pujas are performed by priests with morning Aarti begining at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati and evening Aarti concluding with the lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Durga Puja is celebrated with great fervor at Ujani Shakti Peeth. Elaborate rituals are conducted to honour Maa Mangal Chandi’s victory over evil forces. The deity is adorned with new clothes and jewelry donated by devotees during this time. Navratri is celebrated twice a year with grand rituals honoring Maa Mangal Chandi’s nurturing aspect. Devotees observe fasting during these nine days to seek blessings for prosperity and protection.

Dedicated to Lord Shiva who is worshipped as Kapilambar Bhairava, Mahashivratri involves night-long prayers and abhishekam with milk, honey, ghee, curd, and holy water. Devotees light oil lamps around the temple premises as part of their offerings. Yagnas are conducted during auspicious occasions like Navratri to invoke divine blessings for health, wealth, and spiritual growth.

According to legend, when Sati’s right wrist fell at this site after being dismembered by Vishnu’s Sudarshan Chakra, it radiated immense divine energy that sanctified not only Ujani but also its surrounding regions. Devotees believe that this energy can still be felt within the temple premises during meditation or prayer. Local lore suggests that Kapilambar Bhairava appeared in his fierce form to protect this sacred site from negative energies after Sati’s right wrist fell here. His presence ensures balance and harmony at Ujani Shakti Peeth. Devotees believe that Maa Mangal Chandi possesses miraculous healing powers. Many pilgrims visit the temple seeking relief from physical ailments or emotional distress after hearing stories of miraculous recoveries attributed to her blessings.

The Ujani Shakti Peeth offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion.

Bargabhima Temple, Tamluk, West Bengal
Located in Tamluk, Purba Medinipur district, the Vibhash Shakti Peeth, also known as the Bargabhima Temple, is dedicated to Maa Kapalini or Bhimarupa, an incarnation of Goddess Durga. As one of the 51 sacred Shakti Peethas, it is believed that the left ankle or heel of Goddess Sati fell at this site. Nestled on the banks of the Roopnarayan River, this ancient temple blends spirituality, history, and cultural heritage. Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Sarvanand Bhairava.

The temple is said to have been constructed during the reign of the Mayur dynasty, which ruled over Tamluk in ancient times. The current structure has undergone several renovations over centuries but retains its spiritual essence. Historical records suggest that the temple has been a centre of devotion for over 1,000 years. Tamluk itself holds special significance as a sacred Vaishnava Tirtha or pilgrimage site. According to the Jaimini Mahabharata and Kashidas Mahabharata, Lord Krishna visited Tamluk to release the divine horse for the Ashwamedha Yajna.

Goddess Sati is worshipped here as Maa Kapalini or Bhimarupa, symbolising power and protection. Lord Shiva is revered as Sarvanand Bhairava, representing his role as a guardian and protector. The left ankle or vama gulpha of Sati is believed to have fallen at this site.

The sanctum sanctorum houses an idol of Maa Kapalini in her fierce form. She is depicted with multiple arms holding weapons and adorned with ornaments offered by devotees. Adjacent to her shrine is a large black stone Shiva Lingam representing Sarvanand Bhairava. The Lingam is surrounded by a circular white marble boundary. The temple architecture reflects a blend of Hindu, Buddhist, and Oriya styles. Its pyramidal dome resembles Kalinga temple tombs, while the natmandir or prayer hall follows the traditional Bengali aatchala style. The intricate carvings on its walls depict scenes from Hindu mythology.

Situated on the banks of the Roopnarayan River amidst lush greenery, the temple offers a serene environment ideal for meditation and prayer. During India’s freedom struggle, revolutionaries like Khudiram Bose visited this temple to seek blessings before embarking on their missions. The temple served as an oath-taking site for many revolutionaries who vowed to free their motherland. Unlike most temples where vegetarian offerings are made, Maa Kapalini’s prasad includes non-vegetarian items such as cooked fish or sol mach. This practice reflects ancient traditions associated with Shakti worship.

The rituals at Vibhash Shakti Peeth reflect deep-rooted traditions combined with local customs. Daily pujas are performed by priests. The morning Aarti begins at sunrise with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. Durga Puja is celebrated with grandeur at Vibhash Shakti Peeth. Elaborate rituals are conducted over nine days to honour Maa Kapalini’s victory over evil forces. Devotees participate in cultural programs and community feasts during this time.

Held during Makara Sankranti in January, Barunir Mela is an annual fair that attracts thousands of pilgrims who come to take a holy dip in the Roopnarayan River before offering prayers at the temple. On Sharad Purnima, special prayers are held under moonlight to invoke divine blessings for prosperity and happiness. Dedicated to Sarvanand Bhairava, Mahashivratri involves night-long prayers and abhishekam with milk, honey, ghee, curd, and holy water. Devotees light oil lamps around the Shiva Lingam as part of their offerings.

Tamluk holds special significance due to its association with Lord Krishna. According to local lore recorded in Jaimini Mahabharata and Kashidas Mahabharata, Lord Krishna visited Tamluk during his Ashwamedha Yajna and blessed the region with his divine presence. During India’s freedom struggle, many revolutionaries took oaths at Vibhash Shakti Peeth before embarking on their missions. They believed that Maa Kapalini’s blessings would protect them in their fight for independence.

The Vibhash Shakti Peeth offers visitors a unique spiritual experience rooted in mythology and devotion. Unique features like non-vegetarian prasad emphasise ancient traditions while preserving spiritual heritage. Whether you seek spiritual solace or wish to explore India’s rich cultural heritage, visiting this ancient shrine will leave you feeling connected to divine feminine energy embodied by Maa Kapalini.

Jogadya Temple, Kshirgram, West Bengal
The Jogadya Temple, located in Kshirgram, Purba Bardhaman district s dedicated to Maa Jogadya, a fierce form of Goddess Durga. Lord Shiva is worshipped here as Kshireshwar Bhairava. It is believed that the big toe of Sati’s right leg fell at this site, sanctifying it as a Shakti Peetha. Known for its unique rituals, historical significance, and mystical legends, the Jogadya Temple attracts devotees from across India who come to seek blessings and experience its divine energy.

Historical evidence suggests that the temple dates back to the 11th century CE. It was originally constructed as a brick temple surrounded by a compound wall. Over time, it underwent several phases of destruction and reconstruction. The temple was severely damaged during invasions by Kalapahar but was later restored by local rulers and devotees. The current structure reflects a blend of ancient and modern architecture.

The name Jogadya derives from two Sanskrit words: Jug meaning era and Adya meaning the first, symbolising the goddess as the primordial force who presides over all eras. Locals also refer to the temple as Maa-er Baari or the Mother’s Home, emphasising its importance in their lives. The combination of Maa Jogadya and Kshireshwar Bhairava represents the union of nurturing feminine energy with protective masculine power.

The main sanctum does not house a traditional idol but instead has an altar connected to an underground chamber symbolising Maa Jogadya’s connection to the underworld or Paatalnivasini. Devotees worship this altar as her divine presence. Adjacent to the temple lies a sacred pond known as Kshirdighi. It is believed that Maa Jogadya resides in this water body. The goddess is ceremonially brought out of the water only seven days a year for public worship. Devotees believe that bathing in this pond purifies sins and brings prosperity. A copper pot or kalash filled with water from the sacred pond, Kshirdighi, is placed on the altar during special rituals.

A beautifully carved decagonal statue of Mahishamardini Durga was created by Nabin Chandra Bhaskar in imitation of an older idol lost during invasions. This statue is housed in a new temple built by villagers and remains open for darshan throughout the year. The temple complex includes three main sections: the domed sanctum or the garbhagriha, an entrance hall or the ardhamandap, and a dance hall or the natmandir. Its design reflects traditional Bengali temple architecture with minimal ornamentation. A small shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva as Kshireshwar Bhairava stands near Maa Jogadya’s temple. The idol of Shiva is placed at an elevated height and is accessible via stairs.

Daily pujas are performed by priests with the morning Aarti at sunrise which begins with chanting of hymns like Durga Saptashati, while evening Aarti concludes with lighting oil lamps around the temple premises. On Baishakh Sankranti, the last day of Baishakh, Maa Jogadya is ceremonially brought out of Kshirdighi for public worship. This grand event attracts thousands of devotees who gather to witness her darshan. Buffalo sacrifices are performed during this ritual as part of ancient Shakti worship practices. Apart from Baishakh Sankranti, Maa Jogadya is brought out on select days like Asadh Navami, Vijayadashami or Dussehra, Paush Sankranti, and Makara Sankranti for worship by priests or specific community members. Durga Puja is celebrated with grandeur at Jogadya Temple. Elaborate rituals are conducted over nine days to honor Maa Durga’s victory over evil forces. Devotees participate in cultural programs and community feasts during this time. On new moon nights or Amavasya, special Tantric rituals are conducted by priests to invoke Maa Jogadya’s protective energy.

According to local legend recorded in Chandi Mangal and Jogadya Bandana, Hanuman carried Maa Durga on his back while searching for a suitable place to establish her shrine after rescuing her from Paatal Lok, the underworld. He chose Kshirgram due to its central position on Earth. This story reinforces the belief that Kshirgram is a spiritually significant location. During renovations of Kshirdighi in recent years, villagers discovered an ancient idol believed to be the original statue of Maa Jogadya hidden underwater for centuries to protect it from invaders. In medieval times, human sacrifices were reportedly performed at Jogadya Temple as part of Shakti worship rituals. These were later replaced by buffalo sacrifices under royal decree from the Bardhaman Raj family.

The Jogadya Temple is somewhere one should go if they are seeking spiritual solace or wish to explore India’s rich cultural heritage.