Tag Archives: UN Days

International Day of the Markhor

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The national animal of Pakistan, the markhor (scientific name: Capra falconeri) is a large wild Capra (goat) species native to South Asia and Central Asia, mainly within Pakistan, the Karakoram range, parts of Afghanistan, and the Himalayas. It is listed on the IUCN Red List as Near Threatened since 2015. It is also known as the screw-horn or screw-horned goat. The word mārkhor, meaning “snake-eater,” comes from both Pashto and classical Persian languages, referencing the ancient belief that the markhor would actively kill and consume snakes. This regional myth is believed to stem from the “snake-like” form of the male markhor’s horns, twisting and curling like a snake, possibly leading ancient peoples to associate them with snakes.

Physical characteristics of markhors include growing to between 2 to 4 feet at the shoulder in height, with a length of 4.5 to 6.2 feet and weighing between 75 to 110 kg for males and between 30 to 40 kg for females. Males have long spiral horns, while females have shorter ones, and the markhor has a reddish-grey coat with a dark stripe along their back, with males having thicker fur during winters. The flare-horned markhor occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India; the straight-horned markhor lives in Afghanistan and Pakistan; and the Bukharan markhor is present in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. All subspecies are considered endangered to critically endangered.

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Markhors are primarily herbivorous, feeding on grasses, leaves, and shrubs. They exhibit seasonal dietary changes based on their habitat’s vegetation availability. During spring and summer, they graze at lower altitudes but migrate to higher elevations in search of food during winter. Socially, female markhors live in herds consisting mainly of mothers and their young, while adult males tend to be solitary except during mating seasons. Their mating rituals involve physical displays where males compete for females through horn-locking battles.

The markhor is currently classified as ‘Near Threatened’ by the IUCN Red List due to declining populations caused by poaching for meat and trophies, habitat loss from human encroachment, and competition with domestic livestock for grazing land. Conservation efforts have been initiated in Pakistan and other range countries to stabilise and increase their populations through community-led programs that integrate wildlife conservation with local economic benefits.

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The International Day of the Markhor, celebrated on May 24, is a significant occasion dedicated to raising awareness about the conservation of the species. This day not only highlights the ecological importance of the markhor but also emphasises the need for sustainable practices that protect its habitat and promote biodiversity.

The establishment of the International Day of the Markhor stems from a resolution passed by the United Nations General Assembly on May 2, 2024. This resolution, sponsored by Pakistan along with eight other countries, aims to recognise the markhor’s role in maintaining ecological balance and its significance to local economies through sustainable tourism and conservation initiatives.

The International Day of the Markhor serves several critical purposes. It educates people about the ecological significance of markhors and their role in maintaining biodiversity. The day promotes discussions on effective conservation strategies that can be implemented globally. It encourages local communities to participate in conservation efforts that can lead to sustainable tourism opportunities. And the observance aids in influencing policies related to wildlife protection at national and international levels. This day is vital for galvanising support for not just markhors but also broader wildlife conservation initiatives that ensure ecological balance and sustainability.

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The International Day of the Markhor is an essential observance that underscores the urgent need for wildlife conservation efforts globally. By recognising this day, we acknowledge not only the unique characteristics of the markhor but also our collective responsibility towards preserving biodiversity for future generations.

World Press Freedom Day

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World Press Freedom Day, observed annually on May 3, serves as a vital reminder of the importance of press freedom in democratic societies. This day not only celebrates the fundamental principles of press freedom but also evaluates the state of media freedom worldwide, defends the media against attacks on their independence, and pays tribute to journalists who have sacrificed their lives in pursuit of truth.

Press freedom refers to the right of journalists and media organisations to report news and express opinions without censorship or restraint from the government or other powerful entities. It is a cornerstone of democracy, enabling citizens to access information, hold power accountable, and engage in informed public discourse. The importance of press freedom today cannot be overstated.

A free press acts as a watchdog over government actions, revealing corruption and abuse of power. Journalists inform the public about critical issues, ensuring that citizens are aware of events and policies that affect their lives. A pluralistic media landscape allows for a variety of perspectives and opinions to be heard, fostering a more inclusive society. Free expression is linked to other fundamental rights, such as the right to assembly and the right to participate in governance.

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Despite these critical roles, press freedom is increasingly under threat. Journalists face censorship, harassment, violence, and even imprisonment in many parts of the world. According to UNESCO, the ongoing challenges highlight the need for vigilance in protecting journalistic freedoms.

The origins of World Press Freedom Day trace back to the Windhoek Declaration, adopted in 1991 during a conference organised by UNESCO in Windhoek, Namibia. This declaration was a response to escalating attacks on journalists during conflicts in Africa and emphasised the need for an independent and pluralistic press as essential for democracy.

In December 1993, following a recommendation from UNESCO’s General Conference, the United Nations General Assembly officially proclaimed May 3 as World Press Freedom Day. This date was chosen to commemorate the Windhoek Declaration’s adoption and to remind nations of their commitment to uphold press freedom as enshrined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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World Press Freedom Day serves several critical purposes. The day provides an opportunity to raise awareness about the importance of press freedom and its role in democracy. It encourages governments and civil society to assess the state of press freedom within their countries. The day highlights the risks faced by journalists worldwide and calls for action to protect their rights. It pays tribute to journalists who have lost their lives while reporting on critical issues.

In recent years, themes associated with World Press Freedom Day have focused on various pressing issues affecting journalism today, such as digital safety, media plurality, and environmental reporting. The theme for the 2025 edition of World Press Freedom Day is “A Press for the Planet.” This theme emphasises journalism’s crucial role in addressing global environmental crises. It recognises that journalists are essential in informing the public about environmental issues, advocating for sustainable practices, and holding powerful entities accountable for their impact on the planet. The focus on environmental journalism aligns with growing concerns about climate change and ecological degradation. As traditional media faces challenges such as declining revenues and increasing censorship, it becomes even more crucial to support journalistic efforts that prioritise environmental reporting.

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World Press Freedom Day is more than just a commemoration; it is a call to action for individuals, organisations, and governments worldwide to recognise and uphold the principles of press freedom. In an era where misinformation can spread rapidly and where many journalists face threats simply for doing their jobs, it is imperative that society collectively defend these freedoms.

It is our duty as a world citizen to reflect on our responsibilities toward supporting a free press that can effectively address global challenges—especially those related to our planet’s future. By championing press freedom today, we contribute not only to democracy but also to a sustainable world where truth prevails over misinformation.

World Autism Awareness Day

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A day aimed at raising awareness about autism and promoting acceptance and inclusion for individuals on the spectrum, World Autism Awareness Day (WAAD) is celebrated annually on April 2. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007, this day serves as a platform for advocating for the rights and needs of autistic individuals, emphasising the importance of understanding and support from society.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects communication, behaviour, and social interaction. Parents can recognise potential signs of autism in their children by observing specific behaviors and developmental milestones. Key symptoms to watch for include social interaction difficulties, communication delays, repetitive behaviours, and sensory sensitivities. Children with autism may avoid eye contact, show little interest in engaging with others, or not respond to their name being called. They might also struggle with understanding social cues and emotions. Delayed speech and language development are common. Some children may not babble by 12 months or fail to use gestures like pointing or waving. They may also have difficulty understanding simple verbal instructions. Many children with autism engage in repetitive movements like hand-flapping, and rocking or exhibit intense focus on specific interests, often to the exclusion of other activities. Autistic children may be overly sensitive to sounds, lights, textures, or tastes, leading to distress in certain environments. Recognising these symptoms early is crucial for seeking appropriate support and intervention. Parents should consult a paediatrician for further evaluation and guidance if they notice these signs. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes for children with autism.

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In 2025, WAAD will focus on the theme “Moving from Surviving to Thriving,” highlighting the need for autistic individuals to survive and thrive in their communities. The theme reflects a significant shift in how society views and supports individuals with autism. This theme emphasises empowerment, resilience, and the importance of creating environments where autistic individuals can flourish. It encourages communities to focus on empowerment by providing resources and opportunities that enable autistic individuals to lead fulfilling lives; support systems by establishing strong support networks within families, schools, and workplaces to foster growth; and celebrating strengths by recognising and valuing the unique contributions that autistic individuals bring to society. The theme aligns with broader goals of inclusivity and acceptance, urging all stakeholders — families, educators, employers, and policymakers — to work collaboratively towards creating a supportive atmosphere for those on the autism spectrum.

Since its inception in 2008, WAAD has focused on various themes that address crucial aspects of autism awareness and acceptance. Each year has brought a new focus, allowing for a diverse range of discussions around education, employment, health care, and social inclusion.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) prevalence in Asia varies significantly across different regions, reflecting a complex interplay of cultural, diagnostic, and healthcare factors. A systematic review indicated that the overall prevalence of ASD in Asia is approximately 0.36%, with notable differences among regions: 0.51% in East Asia, 0.31% in South Asia, and 0.35% in West Asia. In Southeast Asia specifically, the prevalence has been estimated at 6 cases per 1,000 individuals, which translates to about 0.6%. Notably, this prevalence is higher among males, with studies showing that males are affected at rates approximately two to three times higher than females. In Singapore, recent statistics suggest that 1 in 150 children is diagnosed with autism, surpassing the global average of 1 in 1603. This increase is attributed to heightened awareness and improved diagnostic practices rather than an actual rise in cases. Overall, while autism prevalence is increasing across Asia, it remains essential to standardise diagnostic criteria and improve awareness to ensure better identification and support for affected individuals.

Education plays a crucial role in promoting understanding about autism. Schools are encouraged to implement programs that educate students about neurodiversity, fostering an environment where differences are celebrated rather than stigmatised.

Advocacy is also essential in ensuring that policies reflect the needs of autistic individuals. Organisations worldwide are working towards legislative changes that enhance accessibility in education, healthcare, and employment for those on the spectrum.

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Families are often the first line of support for autistic individuals. By fostering an environment of understanding at home, families can help their loved ones navigate challenges effectively. Engaging with local autism organisations can provide families with resources and community connections that enhance their support systems.

World Autism Awareness Day serves as a reminder of our collective responsibility to create an inclusive society where every individual has the opportunity to thrive by advocating for change, celebrating diversity, and fostering environments where all autistic individuals can flourish. Through education, community engagement, and supportive policies, we can ensure that neurodiversity is recognized as a valuable aspect of our society.

International Women’s Day

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International Women’s Day (IWD), celebrated annually on March 8, is a global occasion dedicated to recognising the achievements of women and advocating for gender equality. This day has its roots in the early 20th century, emerging from labour movements and the suffrage movement in North America and Europe. Its significance has evolved over the years, becoming a focal point for women’s rights and empowerment across various sectors.

The origins of International Women’s Day can be traced back to February 28, 1909, when the Socialist Party of America organised the first National Woman’s Day in New York City. This event responded to the growing unrest among women regarding their working conditions, pay disparities, and voting rights. The following year, Clara Zetkin, a German activist, proposed the idea of an international women’s day during the second International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen. Her proposal aimed to unify women across nations in their struggle for equal rights, and it was met with unanimous approval from over 100 women representing 17 countries.

The first official International Women’s Day was celebrated on March 19, 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland, where more than one million people participated in rallies advocating for women’s rights to work, vote, and hold public office. However, it wasn’t until March 8 became established as the global date for IWD after a significant event in Russia in 1917. On this day, women in Petrograd staged a strike demanding bread and peace amid World War I. This protest marked a pivotal moment that contributed to the Russian Revolution and solidified March 8 as International Women’s Day.

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The United Nations theme for 2025 IWD is “For ALL Women and Girls: Rights. Equality. Empowerment.” This theme underscores the urgent need to create a world where every woman and girl, regardless of background, has access to equal rights, opportunities, and empowerment. Marking the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, this year’s theme reflects on the progress made since 1995 while emphasising the unfinished work in achieving gender equality. The Beijing Declaration remains a landmark global commitment to advancing women’s rights, yet systemic barriers such as violence, discrimination, and economic disparities continue to hinder progress. The UN’s campaign calls for action in three critical areas: advancing women’s rights by fighting all forms of violence and exploitation, promoting gender equality by dismantling patriarchal systems and amplifying marginalized voices, and fostering empowerment through inclusive access to education, leadership roles, and economic opportunities. With just five years left to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this theme serves as a rallying cry for governments, organizations, and individuals to accelerate efforts toward building a feminist future where no one is left behind.

The International Women’s Day (IWD) organisation has chosen #AccelerateAction as its 2025 campaign theme. This theme highlights the pressing need to hasten progress toward gender equality in light of persistent inequalities across various sectors. According to recent data from the World Economic Forum, at the current pace, it will take over 130 years to achieve full gender parity globally—a timeline that is unacceptable for millions of women facing systemic challenges today. #AccelerateAction focuses on driving bold and decisive interventions at all levels—political, corporate, and grassroots—to dismantle barriers such as unequal pay, limited educational access, and underrepresentation in leadership roles. The campaign also emphasises recovering lost ground caused by crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately impacted women through job losses and increased caregiving burdens. By calling on individuals and institutions to step forward in solidarity, this theme seeks to inspire collective action that not only addresses immediate challenges but also fosters long-term systemic change. The message is clear: gender equality cannot wait another century; it requires urgent action now.

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The theme of ‘March Forward’ serves as a reminder that progress is not merely about reflection but about taking actionable steps towards achieving a truly equal future for all women and girls. This theme calls for collective efforts to dismantle persistent barriers to gender equality and to ensure that commitments translate into real change. The IWD 2025 theme encourages everyone to take bold steps in the ongoing fight for gender equality.

International Women’s Day is not only a celebration of women’s achievements but also a vital reminder of the ongoing struggle for gender equality worldwide. As we look toward, it is crucial to continue advocating for women’s rights across all sectors. By investing in women and girls today, we pave the way for a more equitable future for generations to come.

International Day of Women and Girls in Science

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Celebrated annually on February 11, the International Day of Women and Girls in Science serves as a crucial reminder of the importance of ensuring equal access and participation of women and girls in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The day not only acknowledges the significant achievements of women in these fields but also aims to inspire future generations to pursue careers in science, contributing to a more inclusive and equitable world.

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science was established by the United Nations General Assembly in December 2015. The resolution aimed to achieve full and equal access to and participation in science for women and girls and to further achieve gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. The decision to dedicate a day to celebrate women and girls in science stemmed from a recognition of the persistent gender gap in scientific fields and the need to address the barriers that hinder women’s participation.

Despite women making up nearly half of the global population, their representation in science and technology remains disproportionately low. According to UNESCO, women constitute only 30% of the world’s researchers, and this number decreases when it comes to leadership positions in scientific research and academia. The International Day of Women and Girls in Science seeks to raise awareness about these disparities and promote policies that encourage the participation of women and girls in STEM.

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The roots of the movement for women in science can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when pioneers like Marie Curie and Ada Lovelace made significant contributions to their respective fields. However, it was not until the late 20th century that women’s achievements in science started to gain broader recognition. The establishment of the International Day of Women and Girls in Science marks a pivotal moment in acknowledging and celebrating these contributions while advocating for continued progress.

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science serves several critical purposes. One of the primary goals of the day is to raise awareness about the challenges that women and girls face in pursuing careers in STEM. This includes societal stereotypes, a lack of role models, and insufficient support systems. By highlighting these issues, the day encourages dialogue and action to address them. The day provides an opportunity to celebrate the accomplishments of women and girls in science. From groundbreaking research to innovative technologies, women have made significant contributions across various scientific disciplines. The International Day of Women and Girls in Science aligns with the broader goals of gender equality and women’s empowerment. By advocating for equal opportunities in scientific fields, the day contributes to the fight against gender discrimination and promotes a more equitable society. Highlighting role models and success stories can inspire young girls to pursue careers in science. The day serves as a platform to showcase diverse women in science, thereby encouraging girls to envision themselves in these roles and understand that they, too, can make significant contributions to the field.

Women have played a pivotal role in advancing scientific knowledge and innovation throughout history. Their contributions span a wide range of fields, including medicine, engineering, physics, environmental science, and mathematics. The first woman to win a Nobel Prize, Marie Curie’s groundbreaking research on radioactivity paved the way for advances in both science and medicine. Her legacy continues to inspire countless scientists today. While her contributions to the discovery of the DNA double helix were not fully recognized during her lifetime, Rosalind Franklin’s work was crucial in understanding the molecular structure of DNA, ultimately influencing genetics and biotechnology. As the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison not only broke barriers in her field but also became a role model for aspiring scientists and engineers, particularly young girls of color. Diversity in science is essential for fostering innovation and creativity. Different perspectives can lead to new ideas and approaches to problem-solving. Women and girls bring unique experiences and viewpoints that can enrich scientific inquiry and lead to breakthroughs in research and technology.

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Despite the undeniable contributions of women and girls in science, various barriers continue to persist. Societal stereotypes about gender roles can discourage girls from pursuing STEM careers. Combating these biases requires comprehensive educational initiatives and community support. The underrepresentation of women in leadership roles within scientific institutions can perpetuate a cycle where young girls lack role models to look up to. Increasing the visibility of women in leadership positions is critical. The challenge of balancing family responsibilities with professional aspirations can disproportionately affect women in science. Organisations need to implement policies that support work-life balance, such as flexible working hours and parental leave.

Each year, the International Day of Women and Girls in Science adopts a specific theme that reflects current issues and aspirations related to gender equality in STEM. These themes guide the activities and discussions surrounding the day, providing focus and direction for advocacy efforts. The 2025 theme is “Unpacking STEM Careers: Her Voice in Science.” The theme will explore the critical role of women in scientific innovation and discuss the need for inclusive media representation to challenge gender stereotypes in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers.

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To foster a greater interest in STEM among girls, educational institutions and organizations must implement targeted initiatives. Workshops, camps, and mentorship programmes specifically aimed at girls can help build confidence and interest in science from a young age. Connecting young girls with female scientists and engineers can provide inspiration and practical guidance as they navigate their educational journeys. Schools should ensure that their curricula highlight the contributions of women in science, providing students with diverse perspectives and role models.

Communities and workplaces play a vital role in supporting women and girls in science. Strategies include creating platforms for women in science to connect, share experiences, and support each other, which can foster a sense of community and encourage collaboration; advocating for policies that promote gender equality within scientific institutions can lead to lasting change. This includes policies on hiring practices, parental leave, and workplace culture. Engaging in campaigns that highlight the importance of diversity and inclusion in STEM can shift societal perceptions and encourage greater support for women in science.

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The International Day of Women and Girls in Science serves as a powerful reminder of the significance of gender equality in scientific fields. By celebrating the achievements of women and girls in science, raising awareness of the challenges they face, and promoting initiatives that encourage their participation, we can work towards a future where everyone has equal opportunities to contribute to scientific advancement.

As we look ahead to future celebrations of this important day, let us commit to fostering an environment that empowers women and girls to pursue their passions in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. By doing so, we not only honour the contributions of those who came before us but also pave the way for the next generation of innovators and leaders in science. Together, we can build a more inclusive and equitable scientific community that benefits all of humanity.