International Day of Persons with Disabilities

International Day of Persons with Disabilities is a globally recognized observance dedicated to promoting the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities. The day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1992 to promote understanding of disability issues and mobilise support for the dignity, rights, and well-being of persons with disabilities. It also aims to increase awareness of the benefits of integrating persons with disabilities in every aspect of political, social, economic, and cultural life. The date chosen for this observance, December 3rd, holds no specific historical significance.

The establishment of IDPD in 1992 came at a time when disability rights were gaining increased attention on the global stage. This period saw a shift in how disability was perceived, moving from a medical model that focused on individual impairments to a social model that emphasised societal barriers and discrimination.

The International Day of Persons with Disabilities serves several important purposes. The day helps educate the public about disability issues, challenges stereotypes and promoting understanding. It provides a platform for disability rights advocates to push for policy changes and improved accessibility. IDPD celebrates the achievements and contributions of persons with disabilities to society and emphasises the importance of creating an inclusive society where persons with disabilities can participate fully and unites governments, organisations, and individuals worldwide in promoting disability rights.

The theme for International Day of Persons with Disabilities 2024 is “Transformative Solutions for Inclusive Development: The Role of Innovation in Fuelling an Accessible and Equitable World”. This theme emphasises the importance of innovation in creating a more inclusive and equitable world for people with disabilities. It focuses on several key areas, including technological innovation, which explores how new technologies can improve accessibility and independence for persons with disabilities, social innovation, which includes developing new approaches to social inclusion and community participation, policy innovation, which encourages innovative policies and legislation that promote disability rights and inclusion, and economic innovation, which creates new opportunities for economic empowerment and employment for persons with disabilities.

The theme aligns with the broader goals of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which pledges to “leave no one behind.” It emphasises that innovation is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a way that is inclusive of people with disabilities.

To fully appreciate the importance of IDPD, it’s crucial to understand what disability means and the various types of disabilities that exist. The World Health Organisation or WHO, defines disability as an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; and a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations.

Disabilities can be broadly categorised into several types. Physical disabilities affect a person’s mobility or dexterity. Examples include spinal cord injuries, muscular dystrophy, and amputations. Sensory disabilities affect one or more senses. They include visual impairments, hearing impairments, and sensory processing disorders. Intellectual disabilities affect a person’s ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life. Down syndrome is an example. Psychiatric disabilities include mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Neurological disabilities affect the nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Learning disabilities are those that affect a person’s ability to interpret what they see and hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. Dyslexia is an example. Lastly, invisible disabilities are not immediately apparent but can significantly impact a person’s life. They include chronic pain conditions and some mental health disorders. It’s important to note that many people may experience multiple disabilities, and the impact of a disability can vary greatly from person to person.

Understanding the scale of disability worldwide helps to contextualise the importance of IDPD. According to the World Health Organization, over 1 billion people, or about 15% of the world’s population, live with some form of disability, between 110-190 million adults have significant difficulties in functioning and the rates of disability are increasing due to an ageing population and increases in chronic health conditions. Persons with disabilities are more likely to experience adverse socioeconomic outcomes such as less education, poorer health outcomes, lower levels of employment, and higher poverty rates. These statistics underscore the need for continued efforts to promote disability rights and inclusion, which IDPD helps to spotlight.

The United Nations has played a crucial role in advancing disability rights globally. Key UN initiatives include the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adopted in 2006. The CRPD is an international human rights treaty intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. It promotes, protects, and ensures the full enjoyment of human rights by persons with disabilities and ensures that they enjoy full equality under the law.

The United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy was launched in June 2019 and provides the foundation for sustainable and transformative progress on disability inclusion through all pillars of the work of the United Nations. It seeks to raise the UN’s standards and performance on disability inclusion across its programs and operations.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pledges to “leave no one behind,” including people with disabilities. Several SDGs explicitly reference disability, including those related to education, employment, inequality reduction, and sustainable cities].

Despite progress in disability rights, people with disabilities continue to face numerous challenges. Negative attitudes and misconceptions about disability persist in many societies. Inaccessible buildings, transportation, and public spaces limit participation and independence. Lack of accessible information and communication technologies can exclude persons with disabilities from various aspects of life. Many children with disabilities do not have access to inclusive education. Persons with disabilities often face higher unemployment rates and lower wages. Persons with disabilities may face barriers in accessing quality healthcare. There’s a strong link between disability and poverty, with each potentially leading to or exacerbating the other. Persons with disabilities may face barriers to voting or running for office. IDPD helps to highlight these challenges and promote solutions.

Some innovative approaches to disability inclusion may include advanced prosthetics, screen readers, speech recognition software, and other technologies enhancing independence and accessibility. A universal design approach to create products, environments, and systems that are usable by all people to the greatest extent possible without adaptation. Inclusive Education Technologies including digital learning platforms with built-in accessibility features making education more inclusive. Smart Cities with urban planning that incorporates accessibility from the ground up, including smart traffic systems and accessible public transportation. AI is used to develop more sophisticated assistive devices and to improve accessibility in digital spaces with these technologies used for rehabilitation, skills training, and to create more inclusive experiences. Innovative approaches to flexible working, job carving, and supported employment are opening up new opportunities and disability-led innovation where persons with disabilities lead innovation efforts, ensuring solutions meet real needs.

Governments play a crucial role in promoting disability rights and inclusion. Key areas of focus include enacting and enforcing laws that protect the rights of persons with disabilities, such as anti-discrimination legislation; developing and implementing standards for physical and digital accessibility; promoting inclusive education systems that accommodate students with diverse needs; implementing policies to increase employment opportunities for persons with disabilities, such as quota systems or tax incentives for employers; ensuring healthcare systems are accessible and meet the specific needs of persons with disabilities; providing adequate social protection measures for persons with disabilities; improving disability data collection to inform policy-making; and popularising government-led campaigns to raise public awareness about disability issues.

The International Day of Persons with Disabilities serves as a powerful reminder of the ongoing need to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities. Today it’s clear that innovation will play a crucial role in creating a more accessible and equitable world. However, technology alone is not enough. True inclusion requires a shift in societal attitudes, robust policy frameworks, and the active participation of persons with disabilities in all aspects of life. IDPD provides an annual opportunity to reflect on progress made, challenges remaining, and to renew our commitment to building a world that values and includes all its diverse members.

It’s crucial to remember that disability rights are human rights. By working together, governments, civil society, the private sector, and individuals can create a world where all people, regardless of ability, can fully participate and contribute to society. This is not just beneficial for people with disabilities but for society as a whole.

2024 Week 31 Update

The author of today’s quote is Irish playwright, poet and author Oscar Wilde, known for his wit, flamboyant style, and celebrated works of literature. Wilde’s quote suggests finding gratitude in the fact that not receiving everything you desire can be a blessing. The quote encourages focusing on the positive aspect of not obtaining undesirable outcomes. By not getting everything, one is also spared from potentially harmful things they don’t want. It suggests a shift in perspective from disappointment over unmet desires to appreciating the protection from unwanted circumstances. This change in viewpoint fosters a sense of gratitude and contentment. Wilde’s words imply that life’s balance includes both what one gains and what one avoids, and understanding this balance can lead to a more fulfilling and less discontented life.

2025 is coming faster than ever and I don’t know if it’s because I am getting older, but these days, I feel the years fly past when previously, it would take ages for a month to end. Now, by the time I get the hang of a month, we’re two weeks in and soon it’s the end of the month and the start of a new one. This month, I went back to my old walking schedule and am consistently hitting 10 km on a daily basis. I am also trying to change 1-2 habits each month, with a good walking schedule and trying to eat mindfully in July and start a self-care schedule in addition to my July habits in August. Let’s see how much I can change myself by the end of the year.

GG is getting ready for school, which starts in just over a week’s time. BB has been selected to undergo some driving training, so that’s something he is looking forward to. I am not sure if he will be able to convert his military driving license to a civilian one, but if he has enough training driving while in national service, he should easily pass his test once he gets discharged, so that’s a win in my mind. 

That’s all from my side this week. Stay positive and keep smiling!

In My Hands Today…

RAW: A History of India’s Covert Operations – Yatish Yadav

The Research and Analysis Wing, India’s shadowy external intelligence agency, is one of the country’s least understood institutions—at least in part by design. Perhaps fittingly for a spy agency, there is very little information about R&AW in the public domain.

What is this organisation, its structure, its role, and its vision? Why was it set up? Who are the people who run it? Set up in 1968 as a reaction to India’s massive intelligence failure during the war with China, R&AW played a crucial role in the formation of Bangladesh. It has since carried out highly successful covert operations in Fiji, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka and has countered and foiled Pakistani spy agency ISI’s machinations in the subcontinent.

R&AW has operations in other parts of the globe too; it played an important role during the Iran-Iraq war, for instance. No country can increase its global reach without intelligence support. That India has made enormous strides in its stature and influence is testimony to R&AW’s success. Yet, public accounts of its work exist only in highly romanticised fictional stories. Investigative journalist Yatish Yadav follows the lives of real agents and maps their actions in real situations. His conversations with Indian spies provide insight into how covert operations actually work. A History of India’s Covert Operations is the first comprehensive account of Indian spy networks, their intelligence gathering, and their role in securing and advancing Indian interests.

Travel Bucket List: Malaysia Part 31 – Terengganu Part 3

Situated in the Sekayu Recreational Forest, the Sekayu Waterfall is a hiking haven for beginners, sitting 55 metres above sea level. Mature trees looming over the falls provide ever-refreshing shade. Rounded boulders strewn alongside its banks, at some places, form clear pools for swimming and colourful fish ponds. The falls are open between 8 am and 6 pm and have an entry fee of RM 1 per person.

A short boat ride away from Pengkalan Gawi, Lasir Waterfall is the most popular picnic spot in Tasik Kenyir. With a majestic fall of almost 153 metres, Lasir drops gracefully onto a multi-tiered boulder, forming showers of foaming white water. You can walk to the waterfall along trails past fruit orchards and enjoy picnics in the rainforest by the waterfall.

Merang is a dainty port town that is famous for its diving spots. The town acts as the gateway to the beautiful islands of Pulau Lang Tengah and Pulau Redang. One can spot many speedboats ferrying people to and fro from the town to the islands. This fishing village has little but is beautiful. One can take a quick stroll on the white-sand beaches that are encompassed by tall and elegant palm trees.

Penarik is a fishing village town, ideal for a taste of the local Malaysian culture. Being close to the Perhentian Islands, this coastal village has a pretty windswept beach that is perfect for a relaxing rest stop away from the daily hassles of life for a couple of days. One can stroll down the soft sands while it is breezy in this less crowded town and one shouldn’t forget to try the local seafood here while they’re here.

Penarik is famous for its awe-striking firefly sanctuary. One should take an evening or night ride on a boat by the swampy mangrove forests and the Sonneratia caseolaris trees, which are locally known as the Berembang, to see thousands of fireflies in an unusually harmonious synchronisation as they dance among the tall, dark trees, waving eerily. This lesser-seen view has been linked to the mating behaviour of the fireflies.

Kapas Island is a tranquil island located 6 km from Marang. The island’s name translates to Cotton Island in Malay, referring to its white, sandy beaches. It is the most accessible of the East Coast islands and is widely known as a paradise for kayaking, diving and snorkelling. This tranquil, scenic island boasts clear seawater, jungles, coral reefs and white sand beaches. The island itself isn’t too big and can be explored in a day or two. However, the ambience is extremely peaceful and refreshing from the daily hassles. It is an ideal place for a romantic getaway or to spend a weekend with friends or family. Adventure lovers can hike in Gem Island and Bukit Singa and trek in the jungle. One can also bask in the sun and the splendid views. Places to stay range from camping on the beach to booking a hotel or resort, as Kapas Island has some of the cheapest island resorts in Malaysia. The island shuts down during the monsoon season from November to March.

Snorkeling is the most famous and key activity on the island. Tourists can also rent snorkels for about RM 10 or invest in a snorkelling tour for about RM 40. Diving is also an enjoyable experience here, with many dive shops available that offer gear. Underwater diving is pretty popular on the island’s western shore and shallow coral reefs. An annual swimathon event is held here that attracts a lot of swimmers and competitors. One can also race in kayaks across the beaches to tour the island if they don’t want to walk for RM 20 an hour. Hiking at Bukit Singa can be done on the jungle trek that goes across the island. It takes about 45 minutes to an hour to complete the trek. There is a substantial amount of climbing and crossing dried river beds along the way. Gem Island is a must-visit and one shouldn’t forget to wear proper shoes and bring water and sun protection along with them! The famous white-sand beaches and palm trees give the island its recognition. They are kept mostly clean throughout the year. There is a pier on the island from which one can spot black-tipped sharks by the reef. The island also has breathtaking sunsets and early sunrises and the soft and hard corals are a sight to behold. Research about Amphidromus snails is conducted extensively in this area.

Tenggol Island, traditionally called Pulau Tenggol, is the most extreme island in the chain of the Pulau Islands. It is a pleasant vacation spot to rewire and relax, as there is little cell reception. Activities like clear-water diving, snorkelling and drift diving are popular. The island is filled with corals to gape at. This little paradise provides a scenic destination. Whale sharks can also be seen and though previously uninhabited, today it has hotels for tourists. The end of summer, mainly from July to August, is the best time to visit Tenggol Island because of the soothing climate. One should avoid the months of October to February, as the weather is unpredictable and being on the beach makes the island mostly closed to visitors. Diving and snorkeling are the most popular and enjoyable activities. There are around 20 sites for diving available, like Batu Chanang and Coral Garden. Day and night diving is also available, along with clear-water diving and drift diving. The dive equipment that is provided is mostly in good condition. Non-divers can leisurely snorkel.

Redang Island is one of the largest islands on Malaysia’s East Coast. Located in the South China Sea, it is a part of the Kuala Nerus District. It is a group of islands well-known for their crystal-clear water, picturesque diving, pristine coral reefs and underwater life. A beautiful group of unexplored islands off Terengganu’s coast, Redang Island is packed with cosy resorts, spas, restaurants and cafés. Tourists can also enjoy the thrills of water sports and beach sports, with some lazing around under the sun to make the trip memorable. From the beautiful scenic view at the beaches around the island to variants of undiscovered and untouched flora and fauna, Redang Island is surely a perfect place to enjoy nature. Pulau Redang is just a 53-kilometer ferry ride from Kuala Terengganu and is famous for its scuba diving. From sea diving in clean water to experiencing underwater beauty to snorkelling, tourists can enjoy the various water sports available.

Tourists can also explore various small islands near Redang. Redang should be avoided between November and February, as it is the monsoon season and resorts and hotels are closed during this time. One should keep cash and credit cards handy, as the island doesn’t have many ATM services. As Redang lies under the protected area of a marine park, there is an entry fee of RM 30 for adults and RM 15 for children. The most famous beach is Taaras Beach. Long Beach, Teluk Dalam Beach and Mutiara Beach are among the other popular beaches. Among these, most of the resorts and hotels are located at Long Beach, also known as Pasir Panjang. All year round, except during monsoons, the water is so lucid that one can spot several marine animals. Each resort has its own diving school, with the most famous being Redang Bay Divers and Redang Divers. These diving schools teach how to dive and even provide licences called open water licenses or PADI. Diving costs about RM100 per dive. It is cheaper if one includes it with their stay package at the resort. Though Redang Island is well-known for diving, snorkelling is also an option. The equipment is provided by the resorts and schools for rent and even for purchase. A walk in the lush green forests of Redang is a must. Long Beach is a 45-minute walk through the jungles from Kampung Baru. Pasir Chagar Hutang, located in the northeast part of Redang, is also very well-known for turtle watching. Since Redang Island consists of nine small islands, one can also pay a visit to these islands during their stay. Also, try to avoid Redang during Malaysian public holidays.

The Perhentian Islands are a group of islands in the Besut District. The islands are beautifully packed with clear turquoise water, lush green forests, white grainy sand and untouched coral reefs. They are part of Pulau Redang National Marine Park. The Perhentian Islands also fall under the Marine Park, which aims at preserving the rich flora and fauna of the area. Therefore, fishing is not allowed on or near the island. The corals and marine life of the Perhentian Islands are rich and mesmerising and are popular for water activities like diving and snorkelling. Several diving schools on the island provide tourists with diving training and an open-sea license called PADI. These schools charge approximately RM 100 per dive per person. Snorkeling is also very popular among tourists. Snorkeling equipment can be rented for RM 13 per day per equipment set. Adam and Eve Beach and Turtle Bay Beach on Besar are ideal for snorkelling. While on Kecil, D’Lagoon is perfect. One can also visit and explore the Turtle Sanctuary at Turtle Bay.

Perhentian Island consists of seven islands, of which two main islands are Perhentian Besar and Perhentian Kecil. Perhentian Kecil is the smaller and busier of the two. The remaining five are uninhabited. Perhentian Kecil has two main beaches: Long Beach and Coral Bay. Perhentian Besar is also referred to as the bigger island and attracts families and couples. Perhentian Besar is more expensive, luxurious and peaceful than Perhentian Kecil, while Perhentian Kecil is known as a backpacker’s go-to beach. The conservation fee for entering the Perhentian Islands is payable at the Kuala Besut jetty, which is the only way to reach the island and costs RM 30 for an adult and RM 15 for a child.

The Perhentian Islands are a great spot for diving as well as snorkeling, with coral reefs off both islands and nearby. The most popular snorkelling is off Long Beach on Kecil and in front of the Coral View Island Resort in Besar. Snorkeling is organised by most resorts and costs around RM 40 for two people. There are multiple options for scuba divers, with dive centres spread across the island. A PADI open-water course costs around RM 1000. Perhentian Island is a great place for hiking, offering several hiking trails that offer magnificent views. While hiking, one may come across dense forests, lush green peaks, beautiful beaches, resorts and snorkeling spots. One can take the trail from Long Beach to Fisherman Village, Long Beach to Coral Bay or Long Beach to the Wind Mills.

Nestled on the Perhentian Islands, the Main Beach stretches from the western tip up until the southern tip of the island. This beach houses rocky headlands and ivory-white sand. Further, it is as long as the Long Beach on Kecil. You can also indulge in activities like swimming and snorkelling at the Main Beach. Teluk Dalam is a beautiful beach that is nestled in the southern part of the island. One can find ivory-white sand on this beach, which is a true treat to the eye. Several snorkelling spots can also be found on the western edge of Teluk Dalam. Further, many hotels and restaurants are also found here. Love Beach is a beautiful beach nestled on the southern tip of the Perhentian Islands. One needs to cross rugged and steep terrain to reach Love Beach. This beach is a great spot for a romantic getaway since it is not crowded and is secluded from the main island.

Long Beach is a pristine beach nestled on the Perhentian Kecil Island of Terengganu. This beach is a great spot for those who wish to relax and rejuvenate. One can dip their feet in crystal-clear water or just enjoy the beauty of the elegant palm and coconut trees nearby. One can even rent an umbrella on the beach if they wish to relax on the ivory-white sandbanks. Long Beach is also a great spot for diving. One might come across beautiful corals and other marine creatures during their dive at Long Beach. Coral Bay offers a great sunset view to visitors. The reef close to the shore is ideal for snorkelling. Several restaurants, cafes and resorts can also be found at Coral Bay. Teluk Kerma
is a beautiful bay situated on the Perhentian Islands. While this bay is small in size, it is quite peaceful and quiet, which makes it a great place to escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. Several diving and snorkelling options are also available in Teluk Kerma. One can also visit the nearby beaches, which are located within walking distance.

A jungle trek is a must while visiting the Perhentian Islands. The most popular trekking trails are from Flora Bay to PIR Beach and from Flora Bay to Tuna Bay. The jungle trails of the Perhentian Islands mainly pass through tropical rainforests, where one will come across several species of flora and fauna. To explore the islands on their own, one can opt for a kayak. Several kayaks are available for rent. While paddling through the waters, one might come across several isolated beaches. If one has their snorkel gear handy, they can dive into the beautiful waters.

All the monetary transactions on the island take place in cash. There are no banks or ATMs on the island. Perhentian Island is secluded, further away and has a very weak network. WiFi is only available in a very few spots. Most of the restaurants and cafes charge separately for WiFi. Fishing, collecting shells, touching corals and littering are strictly prohibited on the island. One should keep an eye out for monitor lizards and monkeys. Petty theft is common on the island. Since tourists will carry cash on the island, they are targeted. Tap water is not safe and is usually salty. It is recommended that one purchase their water bottles throughout the stay.

That’s all about Terengganu. It is lovely and, as of yet, mostly undiscovered, so there are a lot of hidden gems in the state. The next state we will be exploring will be the state of Penang, so keep watching this space!

In My Hands Today…

The Six: The Untold Story of America’s First Women Astronauts – Loren Grush

When NASA sent astronauts to the moon in the 1960s and 1970s, the agency excluded women from the corps, arguing that only military test pilots—a group then made up exclusively of men—had the right stuff. It was an era in which women were steered away from jobs in science and deemed unqualified for space flight. Eventually, though, NASA recognized its blunder and opened the application process to a wider array of hopefuls, regardless of race or gender. From a candidate pool of 8,000, six elite women were selected in 1978: Sally Ride, Judy Resnik, Anna Fisher, Kathy Sullivan, Shannon Lucid, and Rhea Seddon.

In The Six , acclaimed journalist Loren Grush shows these brilliant and courageous women enduring claustrophobic—and sometimes deeply sexist—media attention, undergoing rigorous survival training, and preparing for years to take multi-million-dollar payloads into orbit. Together, the Six helped build the tools that made the space program run. One of the group, Judy Resnik, sacrificed her life when the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded at 46,000 feet. Everyone knows of Sally Ride’s history-making first space ride, but each of the Six would make their mark.