Category Archives: Writing

World Autism Awareness Day

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A day aimed at raising awareness about autism and promoting acceptance and inclusion for individuals on the spectrum, World Autism Awareness Day (WAAD) is celebrated annually on April 2. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007, this day serves as a platform for advocating for the rights and needs of autistic individuals, emphasising the importance of understanding and support from society.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects communication, behaviour, and social interaction. Parents can recognise potential signs of autism in their children by observing specific behaviors and developmental milestones. Key symptoms to watch for include social interaction difficulties, communication delays, repetitive behaviours, and sensory sensitivities. Children with autism may avoid eye contact, show little interest in engaging with others, or not respond to their name being called. They might also struggle with understanding social cues and emotions. Delayed speech and language development are common. Some children may not babble by 12 months or fail to use gestures like pointing or waving. They may also have difficulty understanding simple verbal instructions. Many children with autism engage in repetitive movements like hand-flapping, and rocking or exhibit intense focus on specific interests, often to the exclusion of other activities. Autistic children may be overly sensitive to sounds, lights, textures, or tastes, leading to distress in certain environments. Recognising these symptoms early is crucial for seeking appropriate support and intervention. Parents should consult a paediatrician for further evaluation and guidance if they notice these signs. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes for children with autism.

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In 2025, WAAD will focus on the theme “Moving from Surviving to Thriving,” highlighting the need for autistic individuals to survive and thrive in their communities. The theme reflects a significant shift in how society views and supports individuals with autism. This theme emphasises empowerment, resilience, and the importance of creating environments where autistic individuals can flourish. It encourages communities to focus on empowerment by providing resources and opportunities that enable autistic individuals to lead fulfilling lives; support systems by establishing strong support networks within families, schools, and workplaces to foster growth; and celebrating strengths by recognising and valuing the unique contributions that autistic individuals bring to society. The theme aligns with broader goals of inclusivity and acceptance, urging all stakeholders — families, educators, employers, and policymakers — to work collaboratively towards creating a supportive atmosphere for those on the autism spectrum.

Since its inception in 2008, WAAD has focused on various themes that address crucial aspects of autism awareness and acceptance. Each year has brought a new focus, allowing for a diverse range of discussions around education, employment, health care, and social inclusion.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) prevalence in Asia varies significantly across different regions, reflecting a complex interplay of cultural, diagnostic, and healthcare factors. A systematic review indicated that the overall prevalence of ASD in Asia is approximately 0.36%, with notable differences among regions: 0.51% in East Asia, 0.31% in South Asia, and 0.35% in West Asia. In Southeast Asia specifically, the prevalence has been estimated at 6 cases per 1,000 individuals, which translates to about 0.6%. Notably, this prevalence is higher among males, with studies showing that males are affected at rates approximately two to three times higher than females. In Singapore, recent statistics suggest that 1 in 150 children is diagnosed with autism, surpassing the global average of 1 in 1603. This increase is attributed to heightened awareness and improved diagnostic practices rather than an actual rise in cases. Overall, while autism prevalence is increasing across Asia, it remains essential to standardise diagnostic criteria and improve awareness to ensure better identification and support for affected individuals.

Education plays a crucial role in promoting understanding about autism. Schools are encouraged to implement programs that educate students about neurodiversity, fostering an environment where differences are celebrated rather than stigmatised.

Advocacy is also essential in ensuring that policies reflect the needs of autistic individuals. Organisations worldwide are working towards legislative changes that enhance accessibility in education, healthcare, and employment for those on the spectrum.

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Families are often the first line of support for autistic individuals. By fostering an environment of understanding at home, families can help their loved ones navigate challenges effectively. Engaging with local autism organisations can provide families with resources and community connections that enhance their support systems.

World Autism Awareness Day serves as a reminder of our collective responsibility to create an inclusive society where every individual has the opportunity to thrive by advocating for change, celebrating diversity, and fostering environments where all autistic individuals can flourish. Through education, community engagement, and supportive policies, we can ensure that neurodiversity is recognized as a valuable aspect of our society.

Festivals of India: Cheti Chand

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Celebrated primarily by the Sindhi community, Cheti Chand marks the beginning of the Hindu New Year and commemorates the birth of their revered patron saint, Lord Jhulelal. This festival, which falls on the second day of the month of Chet in the Sindhi lunar calendar, corresponding to March and April in the Gregorian calendar, holds immense cultural and religious significance. It is a time for renewal, reflection, and celebration among Sindhis worldwide.

The roots of Cheti Chand can be traced back to the Sindhi community’s struggle against oppression during the rule of Mirkhshah, a tyrannical Muslim ruler. According to legend, Mirkhshah sought to convert the Sindhi Hindus to Islam, threatening their cultural and religious identity. In desperation, the Sindhi people prayed to Varun Devta, the Water God for deliverance. Their prayers led to a divine promise that a saviour would be born to protect them.

This saviour was Uderolal, later known as Jhulelal, who was born in Nasarpur in 1007 CE. His miraculous birth was heralded by a divine voice that assured the Sindhis of their protection. Jhulelal is believed to have performed numerous miracles that not only saved his people from persecution but also reinforced their faith and cultural identity. The festival of Cheti Chand thus symbolises hope, resilience, and divine intervention.

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Jhulelal is often depicted as an old man with a long beard, seated on a lotus flower supported by a fish. He embodies wisdom and strength and is regarded as the protector of Sindhi culture and values. Celebrating Cheti Chand serves as a reaffirmation of faith for Sindhis, honouring their heritage while fostering a sense of unity within the community.

Cheti Chand holds deep spiritual significance for the Sindhi community. The festival marks the start of the Hindu New Year for Sindhis, symbolizing fresh starts and new opportunities. It reinforces the cultural identity of Sindhis, especially those who migrated after the Partition in 1947. Cheti Chand serves as a reminder of their roots and traditions. The festival fosters communal harmony as families come together to celebrate with rituals, prayers, and festive meals. And it is an occasion for introspection and gratitude towards Lord Jhulelal for his protection and blessings.

Cheti Chand is celebrated with enthusiasm across various regions in India, each with its own unique customs and traditions. In states like Punjab and Haryana, Cheti Chand is observed with fervour among local Sindhi communities. Families come together to perform rituals at home or in temples dedicated to Jhulelal and devotees prepare offerings such as fruits, sweets, and special dishes like Guji Deg, a sweet dish made from rice flour to honour Jhulelal.

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In Maharashtra, celebrations during Cheti Chand include traditional folk dances performed in honour of Lord Jhulelal. Participants often dress in colourful attire and engage in lively music. The Behrana Sahib Ceremony involves preparing a ceremonial plate containing items like an oil lamp or diya, sugar crystals or misri, fruits, and flowers which are taken to nearby rivers or lakes as offerings. In states like Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, devotees visit rivers or lakes to perform rituals, reflecting their gratitude towards Varun Devta. Leading up to Cheti Chand, many observe a period of prayer known as Chaliho for 40 days. In West Bengal, families prepare special dishes for communal feasts after performing rituals and local communities organise events that include singing devotional songs dedicated to Jhulelal.

Cheti Chand is characterised by several unique rituals that reflect its cultural significance. A central ritual involves lighting an earthen wheat lamp known as Jyot Jagan on a bronze plate filled with rice grains. This lamp typically has five wicks symbolising enlightenment and prosperity. The lighting marks the beginning of the festivities. The Behrana Sahib consists of symbolic items such as an oil lamp, crystal sugar, and fruits. These items are taken to water bodies where they are immersed as an offering to Lord Jhulelal.

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One of the most vibrant aspects of Cheti Chand celebrations is the Chhej dance, where participants form circles while clapping in rhythm with traditional drums, or dhols, and wind instruments, or shehnais. This dance embodies communal joy and unity among devotees.

On this day, devotees prepare an offering called Akho—made from rice mixed with flour and milk—which symbolises gratitude towards Varun Devta.

The festival is rich with stories that highlight its significance. The tale of how Jhulelal emerged during a time of crisis for the Sindhi people serves as a reminder of hope amidst adversity. The miraculous circumstances surrounding Jhulelal’s birth reflect divine intervention in protecting his devotees. The narrative emphasises how faith can triumph over tyranny, reinforcing the importance of cultural identity among Sindhis.

Cheti Chand transcends geographical boundaries; it is celebrated by Sindhi communities around the globe. In Pakistan’s Sindh province, where many original traditions have been preserved, local temples host elaborate celebrations while community feasts are organised with families gathering to celebrate their heritage. The Sindhi diaspora communities in North America celebrate Cheti Chand through cultural events showcasing traditional music and dance, and community gatherings where prayers are offered collectively. In the United Kingdom, in cities with significant Sindhi populations, temples organise special prayers and community members participate in cultural programs highlighting Sindhi traditions.

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Cheti Chand stands as a beacon of hope, resilience, and cultural pride for the Sindhi community worldwide. As they commemorate the birth of Lord Jhulelal on this auspicious day, they reaffirm their faith while celebrating their rich heritage through vibrant rituals, communal gatherings, and heartfelt prayers. The festival not only marks the beginning of a new year but also reinforces the values that bind them together as a community—unity, devotion, and an unwavering spirit in preserving their identity against challenges throughout history. Through its unique customs and stories that resonate deeply within their cultural memory, Cheti Chand invites everyone to partake in its love, light, and legacy—a celebration that transcends time and space while nurturing communal bonds across generations.

Mumbai Memories: The Ambi Phenomenon

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All his life, even today in fact, my father has been called ‘Ambi’ by his family and neighbours. So much so that when I was younger, I used to think this was his name. Why? In Tamil Brahmin culture, the term ‘Ambi’ has traditionally been used to refer to the oldest son in a family, a title that carries with it a sense of affection and respect.

The Tamil Brahmin community is known for its rich cultural heritage and adherence to traditional practices. The term ‘Ambi’ likely derives from the word “Amba,” which means mother or goddess in Sanskrit, signifying a connection to nurturing and familial roles. In many families, the firstborn son would be affectionately called ‘Ambi,’ symbolising his position as the primary heir and caretaker within the family unit.

Historically, Tamil Brahmin families have followed strict naming conventions. The firstborn son is often named after his paternal grandfather, while subsequent children may receive names based on familial traditions or characteristics. This practice not only preserves lineage but also reinforces social structures within the community.

The title ‘Ambi’ has implications beyond mere nomenclature; it embodies a set of expectations and responsibilities. As the eldest son, the Ambi is often seen as a leader within the family. He is expected to uphold family traditions, participate in religious rituals, and act as a mediator during disputes. This role is particularly significant in joint family systems common among Tamil Brahmins, where multiple generations live together under one roof.

In many households, the Ambi is also viewed as a bridge between the older and younger generations. He often helps younger siblings navigate societal expectations while maintaining respect for traditional values. This dynamic fosters a sense of unity within families, as the Ambi becomes a central figure around whom family gatherings revolve.

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My father, though born to the middle son, was the oldest son of his generation. There were girls born before him, but none of his uncles or aunts had any sons until he was born. So he was the designated ‘Ambi’ in his family. Not only did his extended family call him Ambi, but he was also known as Ambi to the tambram residents in our building. Unfortunately, this practice is now hardly being used. If it were, both S and BB would also be Ambis as they both are the oldest boys in their generation.

The cultural significance of ‘Ambi’ extends into various facets of Tamil Brahmin life. The title signifies love and respect from both parents and relatives. It is not uncommon for children to refer to their uncles or older male relatives as ‘Ambi,’ emphasising the term’s affectionate connotation. Being an Ambi can enhance one’s status among peers within social gatherings. It often comes with expectations of leadership in community events or family functions. The name carries with it a sense of legacy. Many families have multiple generations with members named Ambi or variations thereof (like Chinnambi for younger siblings), showcasing how this tradition persists through time.

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Today, with increasing numbers of nuclear families replacing joint family systems, the role of an Ambi may hold a different weight than it once did. However, many still find comfort in these traditional titles as they navigate their identities in a rapidly changing world.

The phenomenon of calling the eldest boy ‘Ambi’ in Tamil Brahmin families encapsulates much more than just a name; it represents deep-rooted cultural values that emphasise respect, responsibility, and familial unity. While modern influences may alter its usage or significance over time, the essence of what it means to be an Ambi remains an integral part of Tamil Brahmin identity.

For future generations, it will be interesting to see how this tradition adapts while still honouring its historical roots. The enduring affection associated with ‘Ambi’ serves as a reminder of the importance of family ties and cultural heritage in shaping individual identities within this vibrant community.

Short Story: Breaking Barriers

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In the bustling city of Lahore, Pakistan, Amina Khan grew up in a modest household, deeply influenced by her mother, a dedicated schoolteacher. From an early age, Amina learned the value of education and the importance of fighting for one’s rights. Her mother’s stories of struggle and perseverance instilled in her a desire to make a difference.

Despite societal pressures to conform to traditional roles, Amina pursued her studies with determination. She earned a degree in sociology from the University of Punjab, where her passion for women’s rights blossomed. It was during her university years that she first participated in the Aurat March, an annual event advocating for gender equality. This experience opened her eyes to the systemic issues faced by women across Pakistan; issues that were often silenced or ignored.

One fateful day, while volunteering at a local women’s shelter, Amina met Fatima, a victim of domestic violence. Fatima’s harrowing story of abuse and resilience struck a chord with Amina. Inspired by Fatima’s bravery in seeking help, Amina decided to take action. She organised workshops at the shelter focusing on legal rights, self-defence, and mental health support for women like Fatima. As word spread about these workshops, more women began to attend—not just to learn but also to share their stories. The shelter transformed into a safe haven where women could reclaim their narratives and find strength in the community.

Amina’s initiative quickly gained traction. She began speaking at community events, sharing her vision for women’s empowerment. Her passion resonated with many, and soon she found herself leading a grassroots movement in Lahore. However, not everyone welcomed her efforts. Traditionalists viewed her activism as a threat to societal norms.

During a heated community meeting, an elder accused her of “spreading Western values.” Undeterred, Amina responded with grace: “Empowerment does not mean abandoning our culture; it means enriching it by ensuring every woman has the right to choose her path.” This moment marked a turning point for Amina. Her words sparked discussions among community members about adapting cultural practices to promote equality rather than suppress it.

Despite her growing influence, Amina faced significant personal challenges. Balancing activism with familial expectations weighed heavily on her shoulders. Her father often questioned her choices, fearing that her public persona would bring shame to their family.

In one poignant conversation, he expressed his concerns: “Amina, this path is fraught with danger. You risk everything for these women, who may never appreciate your efforts.” Amina listened but remained resolute. She understood that change required sacrifice and that true empowerment often came at a personal cost.

Recognising the need for broader support networks, Amina initiated partnerships with universities and businesses to create mentorship programs for young women entering the workforce. She believed that economic independence was crucial for women’s empowerment.

Through these programs, young women learned essential skills such as coding, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy. The initiative attracted attention from local media, further amplifying Amina’s message. During one mentorship session at a local tech hub, Amina met Sara, a talented coder who had faced discrimination in her job search due to her gender. Inspired by Sara’s resilience and talent, Amina encouraged her to apply for tech competitions aimed at women.

Sara’s success in securing a scholarship for an international coding boot camp became a symbol of hope within their community—a testament that with support and guidance, women could excel in fields traditionally dominated by men.

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As Amina’s movement gained momentum, backlash intensified. Threatening messages began appearing on social media aimed at silencing her voice. During one particularly tense week leading up to International Women’s Day, she received anonymous threats warning her to stop her activism or face dire consequences.

Instead of retreating in fear, Amina organised a rally to coincide with International Women’s Day—a celebration of achievements and a call to action against ongoing struggles faced by women in Pakistan. On the day of the rally, thousands gathered despite threats from extremist groups attempting to intimidate participants. The atmosphere was electric as speakers shared their stories of resilience and hope.

“We will not be silenced,” Amina declared from the stage. “Our voices are our strength!”

The rally garnered national attention and sparked discussions about women’s rights across various platforms.

In recognition of her work, Amina received an award from an international human rights organisation for her contributions to women’s empowerment in Pakistan. This acknowledgement brought new opportunities; she was invited to speak at conferences around the world about grassroots movements and the importance of local solutions in addressing global issues. However, she remained grounded in her mission: empowering women within her community first and foremost.

Years later, as Amina looked back on her journey during an anniversary celebration of the Aurat March in Lahore, she reflected on how far they had come together as a community. More people were discussing women’s rights openly and local governments began implementing policies aimed at protecting women’s rights. Many women who attended her workshops started their initiatives or entered leadership roles within their communities. Amina recognised that while challenges such as systemic misogyny and economic disparities remained, her work had planted seeds of change that would continue to grow long after she was gone.

Amina Khan’s story is one of resilience against adversity, a testament to what can be achieved when individuals dare to challenge societal norms in pursuit of justice and equality. In Pakistan today, as more women like Amina rise up against oppression and advocate for their rights, they embody the spirit of empowerment that is crucial for building a more equitable society. Through education, advocacy, and unwavering determination, these women are reshaping their destinies and inspiring future generations to continue the fight for gender equality in a fight that transcends borders and resonates globally on International Women’s Day and beyond.

International Women’s Day

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International Women’s Day (IWD), celebrated annually on March 8, is a global occasion dedicated to recognising the achievements of women and advocating for gender equality. This day has its roots in the early 20th century, emerging from labour movements and the suffrage movement in North America and Europe. Its significance has evolved over the years, becoming a focal point for women’s rights and empowerment across various sectors.

The origins of International Women’s Day can be traced back to February 28, 1909, when the Socialist Party of America organised the first National Woman’s Day in New York City. This event responded to the growing unrest among women regarding their working conditions, pay disparities, and voting rights. The following year, Clara Zetkin, a German activist, proposed the idea of an international women’s day during the second International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen. Her proposal aimed to unify women across nations in their struggle for equal rights, and it was met with unanimous approval from over 100 women representing 17 countries.

The first official International Women’s Day was celebrated on March 19, 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland, where more than one million people participated in rallies advocating for women’s rights to work, vote, and hold public office. However, it wasn’t until March 8 became established as the global date for IWD after a significant event in Russia in 1917. On this day, women in Petrograd staged a strike demanding bread and peace amid World War I. This protest marked a pivotal moment that contributed to the Russian Revolution and solidified March 8 as International Women’s Day.

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The United Nations theme for 2025 IWD is “For ALL Women and Girls: Rights. Equality. Empowerment.” This theme underscores the urgent need to create a world where every woman and girl, regardless of background, has access to equal rights, opportunities, and empowerment. Marking the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, this year’s theme reflects on the progress made since 1995 while emphasising the unfinished work in achieving gender equality. The Beijing Declaration remains a landmark global commitment to advancing women’s rights, yet systemic barriers such as violence, discrimination, and economic disparities continue to hinder progress. The UN’s campaign calls for action in three critical areas: advancing women’s rights by fighting all forms of violence and exploitation, promoting gender equality by dismantling patriarchal systems and amplifying marginalized voices, and fostering empowerment through inclusive access to education, leadership roles, and economic opportunities. With just five years left to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this theme serves as a rallying cry for governments, organizations, and individuals to accelerate efforts toward building a feminist future where no one is left behind.

The International Women’s Day (IWD) organisation has chosen #AccelerateAction as its 2025 campaign theme. This theme highlights the pressing need to hasten progress toward gender equality in light of persistent inequalities across various sectors. According to recent data from the World Economic Forum, at the current pace, it will take over 130 years to achieve full gender parity globally—a timeline that is unacceptable for millions of women facing systemic challenges today. #AccelerateAction focuses on driving bold and decisive interventions at all levels—political, corporate, and grassroots—to dismantle barriers such as unequal pay, limited educational access, and underrepresentation in leadership roles. The campaign also emphasises recovering lost ground caused by crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately impacted women through job losses and increased caregiving burdens. By calling on individuals and institutions to step forward in solidarity, this theme seeks to inspire collective action that not only addresses immediate challenges but also fosters long-term systemic change. The message is clear: gender equality cannot wait another century; it requires urgent action now.

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The theme of ‘March Forward’ serves as a reminder that progress is not merely about reflection but about taking actionable steps towards achieving a truly equal future for all women and girls. This theme calls for collective efforts to dismantle persistent barriers to gender equality and to ensure that commitments translate into real change. The IWD 2025 theme encourages everyone to take bold steps in the ongoing fight for gender equality.

International Women’s Day is not only a celebration of women’s achievements but also a vital reminder of the ongoing struggle for gender equality worldwide. As we look toward, it is crucial to continue advocating for women’s rights across all sectors. By investing in women and girls today, we pave the way for a more equitable future for generations to come.