Category Archives: Writing

Short Story: Breaking Barriers

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In the bustling city of Lahore, Pakistan, Amina Khan grew up in a modest household, deeply influenced by her mother, a dedicated schoolteacher. From an early age, Amina learned the value of education and the importance of fighting for one’s rights. Her mother’s stories of struggle and perseverance instilled in her a desire to make a difference.

Despite societal pressures to conform to traditional roles, Amina pursued her studies with determination. She earned a degree in sociology from the University of Punjab, where her passion for women’s rights blossomed. It was during her university years that she first participated in the Aurat March, an annual event advocating for gender equality. This experience opened her eyes to the systemic issues faced by women across Pakistan; issues that were often silenced or ignored.

One fateful day, while volunteering at a local women’s shelter, Amina met Fatima, a victim of domestic violence. Fatima’s harrowing story of abuse and resilience struck a chord with Amina. Inspired by Fatima’s bravery in seeking help, Amina decided to take action. She organised workshops at the shelter focusing on legal rights, self-defence, and mental health support for women like Fatima. As word spread about these workshops, more women began to attend—not just to learn but also to share their stories. The shelter transformed into a safe haven where women could reclaim their narratives and find strength in the community.

Amina’s initiative quickly gained traction. She began speaking at community events, sharing her vision for women’s empowerment. Her passion resonated with many, and soon she found herself leading a grassroots movement in Lahore. However, not everyone welcomed her efforts. Traditionalists viewed her activism as a threat to societal norms.

During a heated community meeting, an elder accused her of “spreading Western values.” Undeterred, Amina responded with grace: “Empowerment does not mean abandoning our culture; it means enriching it by ensuring every woman has the right to choose her path.” This moment marked a turning point for Amina. Her words sparked discussions among community members about adapting cultural practices to promote equality rather than suppress it.

Despite her growing influence, Amina faced significant personal challenges. Balancing activism with familial expectations weighed heavily on her shoulders. Her father often questioned her choices, fearing that her public persona would bring shame to their family.

In one poignant conversation, he expressed his concerns: “Amina, this path is fraught with danger. You risk everything for these women, who may never appreciate your efforts.” Amina listened but remained resolute. She understood that change required sacrifice and that true empowerment often came at a personal cost.

Recognising the need for broader support networks, Amina initiated partnerships with universities and businesses to create mentorship programs for young women entering the workforce. She believed that economic independence was crucial for women’s empowerment.

Through these programs, young women learned essential skills such as coding, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy. The initiative attracted attention from local media, further amplifying Amina’s message. During one mentorship session at a local tech hub, Amina met Sara, a talented coder who had faced discrimination in her job search due to her gender. Inspired by Sara’s resilience and talent, Amina encouraged her to apply for tech competitions aimed at women.

Sara’s success in securing a scholarship for an international coding boot camp became a symbol of hope within their community—a testament that with support and guidance, women could excel in fields traditionally dominated by men.

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As Amina’s movement gained momentum, backlash intensified. Threatening messages began appearing on social media aimed at silencing her voice. During one particularly tense week leading up to International Women’s Day, she received anonymous threats warning her to stop her activism or face dire consequences.

Instead of retreating in fear, Amina organised a rally to coincide with International Women’s Day—a celebration of achievements and a call to action against ongoing struggles faced by women in Pakistan. On the day of the rally, thousands gathered despite threats from extremist groups attempting to intimidate participants. The atmosphere was electric as speakers shared their stories of resilience and hope.

“We will not be silenced,” Amina declared from the stage. “Our voices are our strength!”

The rally garnered national attention and sparked discussions about women’s rights across various platforms.

In recognition of her work, Amina received an award from an international human rights organisation for her contributions to women’s empowerment in Pakistan. This acknowledgement brought new opportunities; she was invited to speak at conferences around the world about grassroots movements and the importance of local solutions in addressing global issues. However, she remained grounded in her mission: empowering women within her community first and foremost.

Years later, as Amina looked back on her journey during an anniversary celebration of the Aurat March in Lahore, she reflected on how far they had come together as a community. More people were discussing women’s rights openly and local governments began implementing policies aimed at protecting women’s rights. Many women who attended her workshops started their initiatives or entered leadership roles within their communities. Amina recognised that while challenges such as systemic misogyny and economic disparities remained, her work had planted seeds of change that would continue to grow long after she was gone.

Amina Khan’s story is one of resilience against adversity, a testament to what can be achieved when individuals dare to challenge societal norms in pursuit of justice and equality. In Pakistan today, as more women like Amina rise up against oppression and advocate for their rights, they embody the spirit of empowerment that is crucial for building a more equitable society. Through education, advocacy, and unwavering determination, these women are reshaping their destinies and inspiring future generations to continue the fight for gender equality in a fight that transcends borders and resonates globally on International Women’s Day and beyond.

International Women’s Day

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International Women’s Day (IWD), celebrated annually on March 8, is a global occasion dedicated to recognising the achievements of women and advocating for gender equality. This day has its roots in the early 20th century, emerging from labour movements and the suffrage movement in North America and Europe. Its significance has evolved over the years, becoming a focal point for women’s rights and empowerment across various sectors.

The origins of International Women’s Day can be traced back to February 28, 1909, when the Socialist Party of America organised the first National Woman’s Day in New York City. This event responded to the growing unrest among women regarding their working conditions, pay disparities, and voting rights. The following year, Clara Zetkin, a German activist, proposed the idea of an international women’s day during the second International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen. Her proposal aimed to unify women across nations in their struggle for equal rights, and it was met with unanimous approval from over 100 women representing 17 countries.

The first official International Women’s Day was celebrated on March 19, 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland, where more than one million people participated in rallies advocating for women’s rights to work, vote, and hold public office. However, it wasn’t until March 8 became established as the global date for IWD after a significant event in Russia in 1917. On this day, women in Petrograd staged a strike demanding bread and peace amid World War I. This protest marked a pivotal moment that contributed to the Russian Revolution and solidified March 8 as International Women’s Day.

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The United Nations theme for 2025 IWD is “For ALL Women and Girls: Rights. Equality. Empowerment.” This theme underscores the urgent need to create a world where every woman and girl, regardless of background, has access to equal rights, opportunities, and empowerment. Marking the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, this year’s theme reflects on the progress made since 1995 while emphasising the unfinished work in achieving gender equality. The Beijing Declaration remains a landmark global commitment to advancing women’s rights, yet systemic barriers such as violence, discrimination, and economic disparities continue to hinder progress. The UN’s campaign calls for action in three critical areas: advancing women’s rights by fighting all forms of violence and exploitation, promoting gender equality by dismantling patriarchal systems and amplifying marginalized voices, and fostering empowerment through inclusive access to education, leadership roles, and economic opportunities. With just five years left to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this theme serves as a rallying cry for governments, organizations, and individuals to accelerate efforts toward building a feminist future where no one is left behind.

The International Women’s Day (IWD) organisation has chosen #AccelerateAction as its 2025 campaign theme. This theme highlights the pressing need to hasten progress toward gender equality in light of persistent inequalities across various sectors. According to recent data from the World Economic Forum, at the current pace, it will take over 130 years to achieve full gender parity globally—a timeline that is unacceptable for millions of women facing systemic challenges today. #AccelerateAction focuses on driving bold and decisive interventions at all levels—political, corporate, and grassroots—to dismantle barriers such as unequal pay, limited educational access, and underrepresentation in leadership roles. The campaign also emphasises recovering lost ground caused by crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately impacted women through job losses and increased caregiving burdens. By calling on individuals and institutions to step forward in solidarity, this theme seeks to inspire collective action that not only addresses immediate challenges but also fosters long-term systemic change. The message is clear: gender equality cannot wait another century; it requires urgent action now.

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The theme of ‘March Forward’ serves as a reminder that progress is not merely about reflection but about taking actionable steps towards achieving a truly equal future for all women and girls. This theme calls for collective efforts to dismantle persistent barriers to gender equality and to ensure that commitments translate into real change. The IWD 2025 theme encourages everyone to take bold steps in the ongoing fight for gender equality.

International Women’s Day is not only a celebration of women’s achievements but also a vital reminder of the ongoing struggle for gender equality worldwide. As we look toward, it is crucial to continue advocating for women’s rights across all sectors. By investing in women and girls today, we pave the way for a more equitable future for generations to come.

Impact of Social Media on Our Lives

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Social media has become an integral part of modern life, shaping how we communicate, share information, and perceive the world around us. With the advent of platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok, social media has transformed from a mere communication tool to a dominant force influencing various aspects of our lives.

Social media usage has skyrocketed over the past decade. According to recent statistics, approximately 69% of adults and 81% of teens in the U.S. engage with social media platforms regularly. This widespread adoption has made it increasingly difficult for individuals to disconnect from these platforms, leading to concerns about addiction and dependency.

As of 2024, there are over 2.5 billion social media users in the Asia Pacific region, making it the largest market globally for social media engagement. Approximately 97.3% of social network users in Asia access these platforms via mobile devices, spending an average of two to four hours daily on social media. Countries like South Korea lead with a social media penetration rate of 93.4%, followed by Hong Kong at 86.2%. India ranks high with a substantial user base, being the second-largest country in terms of absolute numbers of social media users, following China.

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In Singapore, the social media penetration rate is 85%, ranking it 10th globally for social media adoption relative to its total population. The number of active social media users in Singapore is approximately 4.3 million, and Singaporeans spend an average of 2 hours and 14 minutes daily on popular social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, with users averaging about 6.9 different social media accounts, which is higher than the global average of 6.7 accounts per user.

India has a rapidly growing number of social media users, with estimates suggesting that there are around 500 million active users, making it one of the largest markets for social media globally. Indian users are increasingly engaging with platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, and the country also sees significant use of local platforms. Users in India spend an average of about 2 hours and 30 minutes daily on social media with the majority of users falling within the age group of 18 to 34 years, but older demographics are also becoming more active on these platforms.

Social media is designed to be engaging and addictive. Platforms utilise algorithms that promote content based on user interests, often leading to excessive scrolling and prolonged usage. This engagement activates the brain’s reward centre by releasing dopamine, reinforcing the behaviour and making it challenging for users to moderate their consumption.

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Despite its challenges, social media offers several benefits that enhance our lives. Social media provides a platform for individuals to connect with friends and family across distances. It fosters community building by allowing users to join groups based on shared interests or experiences. This connectivity can be especially beneficial for marginalised groups seeking support and understanding. Social media serves as a powerful tool for disseminating information quickly. It has become a primary source for news updates and educational content. Users can access resources related to health, wellness, and mental health support through various platforms. For instance, many people find comfort in sharing their health journeys on platforms like Instagram or TikTok, creating spaces for peer support. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok also encourage creativity through visual storytelling. Users can express their thoughts, feelings, and artistic talents in innovative ways. This self-expression can enhance individual identity and foster a sense of belonging within online communities.

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While social media has its advantages, it also presents significant drawbacks that can adversely affect users’ lives. Numerous studies have linked social media use to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. A systematic review indicated that adolescents who spend more than three hours daily on social media are at a higher risk for negative mental health outcomes. The constant exposure to curated images can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem, particularly among young women who may compare themselves unfavourably against unrealistic beauty standards.

The anonymity provided by social media can lead to harmful behaviours such as cyberbullying. Victims often experience severe emotional distress due to online harassment, which can contribute to long-term psychological issues. The prevalence of negative interactions online underscores the need for better moderation and support systems within these platforms.

Excessive social media use can lead to physical health issues as well. Sedentary behaviour associated with prolonged screen time contributes to obesity and related health problems. Additionally, disrupted sleep patterns due to late-night scrolling can further exacerbate mental health challenges among users.

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Social media’s influence extends beyond individual mental health and affects social interactions. Social media has altered how we communicate with one another. While it facilitates instant communication, it may also diminish face-to-face interactions. Many individuals report feeling more comfortable communicating online than in person, which can hinder the development of deep interpersonal relationships. The curated nature of social media often leads users to experience FOMO — anxiety over missing out on experiences shared by others online. This phenomenon can lead to feelings of isolation and dissatisfaction with one’s life circumstances.

The impact of social media on our lives is profound and multifaceted. While it offers significant benefits in terms of connectivity and access to information, it also poses serious challenges related to mental health, physical well-being, and social interactions. As society continues to navigate this digital landscape, it is essential to strike a balance between harnessing the positive aspects of social media and effectively addressing its negative consequences. By fostering awareness around responsible usage and advocating for necessary changes within these platforms, we can work towards a healthier relationship with social media that enriches our lives rather than detracts from them.

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Social media has profoundly influenced our perception of reality, shaping how we view ourselves, others, and the world. This influence is multifaceted, encompassing positive and negative aspects that impact our mental health, self-perception, and social interactions. One of the most significant ways social media affects our perception is through the presentation of curated lives. Users often share only their “highlight reels,” showcasing moments of joy, success, and beauty while omitting the mundane or challenging aspects of life. This selective sharing creates a distorted view of reality where everyone appears to be living a perfect life. As Dr. Jazayeri notes, this phenomenon can lead individuals to compare themselves unfavorably against these idealized portrayals, fostering feelings of inadequacy and unhappiness.

The use of filters and photo editing tools further exacerbates this distortion. Social media platforms like Instagram and Snapchat allow users to present an enhanced version of themselves that may not reflect their true appearance. This constant exposure to filtered images can skew perceptions of beauty and success, particularly among adolescents who are still forming their identities. Research indicates that when teens encounter these unrealistic standards, they may struggle with self-esteem issues and body image dissatisfaction.

Social media’s impact on self-perception is profound. Users often develop a digital persona that may differ significantly from their real-life identity. A study from Cornell University highlights discrepancies between how individuals perceive themselves and how others perceive them based on their social media posts. This misalignment can lead to feelings of alienation and confusion about one’s identity, as individuals grapple with the difference between their online persona and their authentic self.

The psychological ramifications of social media use are increasingly concerning. Studies have linked excessive social media engagement with anxiety, depression, and loneliness. For instance, a study found that participants who limited their social media use reported significant reductions in feelings of loneliness compared to those who continued their habits. The constant need for validation through likes and comments can create a cycle of dependency that undermines mental well-being.

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Beyond personal identity and relationships, social media also influences collective perceptions of right and wrong. The rapid spread of information—both factual and misleading—can shape public opinion in ways that may not align with reality. Social media platforms serve as echo chambers where users are exposed primarily to viewpoints that reinforce their existing beliefs, potentially leading to polarization and misinformation.

As we look toward the future, several trends may shape the evolution of social media. There is growing advocacy for stricter regulations on social media platforms regarding user safety and mental health considerations. Initiatives may include implementing warning labels about potential mental health risks associated with excessive use or harmful content exposure. There is a growing recognition of the need for digital literacy education that empowers users to critically assess the content they consume and share. By fostering awareness about the curated nature of social media, individuals may become more adept at distinguishing between reality and illusion.

Educating users about responsible social media use is crucial in mitigating negative impacts. Digital literacy programs could empower individuals to evaluate content and recognise unhealthy patterns in their usage critically. As user preferences shift, new platforms may emerge that prioritise user well-being over engagement metrics. These platforms could focus on fostering genuine connections rather than promoting addictive behaviors.

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Social media companies are beginning to face scrutiny regarding their role in shaping perceptions. Efforts to mitigate harmful effects—such as Instagram’s suppression of likes—are steps toward creating healthier online environments. However, these measures must be part of broader strategies that prioritize user well-being over engagement metrics. As users become more aware of the impacts of social media on their lives, there may be a shift towards more mindful usage patterns. This could involve setting boundaries around social media consumption or seeking out platforms that promote authenticity over perfection.

The influence of social media on our perception of reality is profound and complex. While it offers opportunities for connection and self-expression, it also poses significant challenges related to mental health, self-perception, and social dynamics. As we move forward in this digital age, it is crucial to cultivate a balanced relationship with social media—one that recognizes its potential for both positive engagement and detrimental distortion. By fostering awareness and encouraging responsible usage, we can work towards a healthier interaction with these powerful platforms that enrich our understanding rather than diminish it.

Poem: Before the First Page

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There’s a unique thrill that comes with holding a new book in your hands, a feeling that’s hard to describe yet so familiar to every reader. The weight of the book, the crispness of its pages, and the possibilities it holds stir a sense of anticipation like no other. Each unread chapter is a promise, waiting to transport you to a world you’ve yet to explore. This moment — right before you turn the first page — is filled with hope, wonder, and the excitement of what might be discovered within. Today’s poem captures this fleeting, magical moment.

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Before the First Page

The book rests in my hands, its weight so light,
Yet within it, whole worlds are hidden from sight.
The cover is smooth, its spine uncreased,
A story untold, a curiosity teased.

My fingers hover on the edge of page one,
With anticipation rising, it’s just begun.
Will there be wonders, adventures untold?
Or secrets and sorrows, quietly bold?

I imagine the characters, not yet known,
Lives that will merge with my own.
Will I find heroes or friends that stay,
Long after I’ve turned the last page away?

The scent of new pages, the rustle they make,
Whispers of journeys my heart will take.
A treasure of words awaits to be found,
In every chapter, new worlds abound.

In this moment of pause, before I begin,
I wonder what stories will soon pull me in.
The joy of a book is the joy of the unknown,
Where every new story becomes your own.

Festivals of India: Mahashivaratri

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Often referred to as “The Great Night of Shiva,” Maha Shivaratri is one of the most significant festivals in Hinduism, dedicated to Lord Shiva, the deity symbolising creation, preservation, and destruction. This festival is celebrated annually on the 14th night of the dark fortnight in the month of Phalguna, which comes in February or March, marking a time for spiritual reflection, devotion, and celebration. The festival’s origins are steeped in rich mythology and tradition, and its observance varies widely across different regions of India and among Hindu communities worldwide.

The origins of Maha Shivaratri are deeply rooted in Hindu mythology. Several legends recount the significance of this festival. One prominent legend states that Maha Shivaratri commemorates the night when Lord Shiva performed the ‘Tandava’, a cosmic dance symbolising creation, preservation, and destruction. This dance is believed to represent the rhythm of the universe and is a vital aspect of Shiva’s divine nature. Another significant narrative is that Maha Shivaratri marks the wedding night of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Their union symbolises the balance between masculine and feminine energies, representing harmony in the cosmos. This aspect makes Maha Shivaratri particularly special for married couples who seek blessings for their relationships. According to another legend, it was on this night that Shiva manifested himself in the form of a Lingam, a representation of his divine presence. This event signifies his infinite existence and connection to creation.

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Maha Shivaratri has been celebrated for centuries, with its roots tracing back to ancient Hindu civilisation. The festival reflects a broader cultural significance beyond mere religious observance; it encapsulates themes of transformation, renewal, and spiritual awakening that resonate across various aspects of life.

Maha Shivaratri holds profound spiritual importance for devotees. The festival is seen as an opportunity for spiritual growth and introspection. Devotees believe that observing rituals during this time can lead to purification of the mind and soul, helping them overcome obstacles in life. Fasting and prayer during Maha Shivaratri are believed to cleanse devotees’ hearts and minds. Many observe strict fasts, consuming only water or milk throughout the day before breaking their fast at dawn on the following day. The festival fosters a sense of community among participants as they come together for prayers, chanting, and singing devotional songs or bhajans. It serves as a reminder of shared beliefs and collective spirituality.

The festival is celebrated with great fervor across India, with regional variations reflecting local customs and traditions. In northern states like Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, devotees flock to temples such as Kashi Vishwanath in Varanasi and Kedarnath to participate in elaborate rituals. The night is marked by all-night vigils where devotees chant “Om Namah Shivaya” while offering milk, honey, and bel leaves to Shiva Lingams. In South India, particularly among Brahmin communities, rituals begin early in the morning with special prayers or pujas at temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. Devotees often perform Rudra Abhishek, bathing Shiva Lingams with sacred substances like milk and honey. The night is spent in meditation, bhajans, and discussions about Shiva’s teachings.

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In Maharashtra, celebrations often include processions featuring traditional music and dance. Temples are beautifully decorated, attracting large crowds who engage in communal prayers. In West Bengal and Odisha, Maha Shivaratri is celebrated with unique cultural performances such as folk dances that narrate stories from Shiva’s life. Devotees also prepare special dishes as offerings during this time.

Maha Shivaratri transcends geographical boundaries. In countries with significant Hindu populations such as Nepal, Mauritius, Fiji, and Trinidad & Tobago, festivities take place with similar fervor. In Nepal’s Pashupatinath Temple—one of the holiest sites for Hindus—thousands gather to participate in rituals throughout the night. Indo-Caribbean communities also observe this festival with solemnity in over 400 temples worldwide.

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The rituals performed during Maha Shivaratri are diverse yet share common elements. Devotees typically fast throughout the day leading up to the night celebrations. Some consume only water or milk while others may choose to abstain from food altogether. Rituals involve offerings made to Shiva Lingams consisting of milk, honey, ghee (clarified butter), fruits, flowers, and bel leaves—considered sacred to Lord Shiva. The chanting of mantras such as “Om Namah Shivaya” plays a central role during worship sessions both at home and in temples. Many devotees stay awake throughout the night engaging in prayers, singing bhajans or participating in discourses about Lord Shiva’s teachings. In various regions, cultural performances including dance dramas depicting stories from Shiva’s life add vibrancy to the celebrations.

Several myths enhance the richness of Maha Shivaratri’s narrative. One myth recounts how Lord Shiva vanquished Tripurasura—the demon representing ignorance—on this auspicious night. This victory symbolises triumph over darkness and ignorance. Another popular tale involves Markandeya—a devotee who was destined to die young but was saved by Lord Shiva when he embraced him as a child amidst death’s approach. Legends often highlight Lord Shiva’s compassion towards his devotees; many stories illustrate how he intervenes to protect those who sincerely seek his blessings during Maha Shivaratri.

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Maha Shivaratri stands as a testament to the rich tapestry of Hindu culture—a celebration that encompasses devotion, spirituality, community bonding, and deep-rooted traditions. As devotees across India and around the world honour Lord Shiva through fasting, prayer, cultural performances, and communal gatherings on this auspicious night, they not only pay homage to their deity but also embrace themes that resonate universally—transformation, renewal, love, and spiritual awakening. The festival serves not just as a religious observance but also as an opportunity for individuals to reflect on their lives while seeking blessings for personal growth and harmony within their families and communities. Through its myriad forms of celebration—from temple rituals to vibrant cultural expressions—Maha Shivaratri continues to inspire millions each year with its profound significance rooted in ancient mythology yet relevant in contemporary society.